Playbook
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简单例子
在线playbook分享平台：https://galaxy.ansible.com
ansible tree ansible-nginx
ansible-nginx
├── files
│ └── nginx.conf.j2
└── playbook.yml
1 directory, 2 files
➜ ansible-nginx cat files/nginx.conf.j2
server {
listen 80;
root /tmp/;
index index.html index.htm;
server_name a.com;
location / {
default_type "text/html";
try_files $uri.html $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}
➜ ansible-nginx cat playbook.yml
---
- hosts: d11
name: playbook demo
become: yes
gather_facts: false
remote_user: root
become_user: root
tasks:
- name: Update apt cache and install Nginx
apt:
name: nginx
state: latest
update_cache: yes
- name: Apply Nginx template
template:
src: files/nginx.conf.j2
dest: /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
notify: Restart Nginx
- name: Enable new site
file:
src: /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
dest: /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
state: link
notify: Restart Nginx
- name: Allow all access to tcp port 80
ufw:
rule: allow
port: '80'
proto: tcp
handlers:
- name: Restart Nginx
service:
name: nginx
state: restarted
ansible-playbook -C playbook.yml
ansible-playbook playbook.yml
galaxy.ansible
找几个例子看看
https://galaxy.ansible.com/andrewrothstein/java-oracle-jdk
https://galaxy.ansible.com/sansible/golang
#快速创建role文件与目录
ansible ansible-galaxy init --init-path playbooks/roles web
- Role web was created successfully
➜ ansible
ansible tree playbooks/roles/web
playbooks/roles/web
├── defaults
│ └── main.yml
├── files
├── handlers
│ └── main.yml
├── meta
│ └── main.yml
├── README.md
├── tasks
│ └── main.yml
├── templates
├── tests
│ ├── inventory
│ └── test.yml
└── vars
└── main.yml
8 directories, 8 files
基本语法
3.4.4 条件语句
#如果是debian类，关机
playbooks cat when.yml
---
- name: shtudown
hosts: pi3
tasks:
- name: shutdown if debian
command: /sbin/shutdown -t now
when: ansible_os_family =="Debian"
#更加好的例子
---
- name: Install vim
hosts: all
tasks:
- name:Install VIM via yum
yum:
name: vim-enhanced
state: installed
when: ansible_os_family =="RedHat"
- name:Install VIM via apt
apt:
name: vim
state: installed
when: ansible_os_family =="Debian"
- name: Unexpected OS family
debug: msg="OS Family {{ ansible_os_family }} is not supported" fail=yes
when: not ansible_os_family =="RedHat" or ansible_os_family =="Debian"
3.4.5循环控制
一般书上都是用with_item
cat loop-user2.yml
---
- name: create user
hosts: pi3
tasks:
- name: create user
user:
name: "{{ item }}"
state: present
with_items:
- user04
- user05
- user06
- name: set password
shell: echo 'e12345678' | passwd --stdin "{{ item }}"
with_items:
- user04
- user05
- user06
➜ ansible cat loop-user.yml
---
- name: create user
hosts: pi3
tasks:
- name: create user
user:
name: "{{ item }}"
state: present
loop:
- user01
- user02
- user03
- name: set password
shell: echo 'e12345678' | passwd --stdin "{{ item }}"
loop:
- user01
- user02
- user03
ansible-playbook -C loop-user.yml
ansible-playbook loop-user.yml
执行后查看结果
root@mypi3b:~# cat /etc/passwd | grep user
root@mypi3b:~#
root@mypi3b:~# cat /etc/passwd | grep user
user01:x:1003:1004::/home/user01:/bin/sh
user02:x:1004:1005::/home/user02:/bin/sh
user03:x:1005:1006::/home/user03:/bin/sh
root@mypi3b:~# su - user01
$ hostname
mypi3b
$ id
uid=1003(user01) gid=1004(user01) groups=1004(user01)
3.4.6 include语法
playbook中代码复用非常爽，eg task
---
- tasks:
- include: a.yml user=root
- include: b.yml user=root
- include: c.yml user=root
或者是下面的多个项目用一个脚本的例子
➜ playbooks cat restart_ng.yml
- name: Restart ng Server
service:
name: nginx
state: restarted
➜ playbooks cat a.yml
- hosts: pi3
tasks:
- name: A Project command
command: echo "A"
- name: Restart ng
include: restart_ng.yml
➜ playbooks cat b.yml
- hosts: mytmp
tasks:
- name: A Project command
command: echo "A"
- name: Restart ng
include: restart_ng.yml
ansible-playbook a.yml
ansible-playbook b.yml
成功执行后 查看结果
nsible pi3 -m shell -a "systemctl status nginx"
192.168.10.5 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-08-24 12:59:57 CST; 3min ago
Inlcude结合tags应用
”include”不仅能够引用任务列表，还能够引用playbook，比如，在一个playbook中引用另一个playbook。
示例：通过指定标签 tags ，来说明是安装 tomcat8 还是 tomcat9
1.准备入口 main.yml 文件，然后包含 install_tomcat8.yml 以及install_tomcat9.yml
2.在执行 main.yml 时，需要通过 --tags 指明要安装的版本
3.还可以在主playbook文件中向引用的playbook传递变量。
编写main.yml入口文件：
# cat tomcat_main.yml
- name: Install Tomcat8
import_playbook: install_tomcat8.yml
tags: tomcat8
vars:
tomcat_version: 8.5.69
tomcat_install_path: /usr/local
- name: Install Tomcat9
import_playbook: install_tomcat9.yml
tags: tomcat9
vars:
tomcat_version: 9.0.50
tomcat_install_path: /usr/local
编写install_tomcat8.yml文件
cat install_tomcat8.yml
---
- hosts: localhost
tasks:
- name: Install JDK
yum:
name: java-1.8.0-openjdk
state: present
- name: Download Tomacat
get_url:
url: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v{{ tomcat_version }}/bin/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}.tar.gz
dest: /root
- name: Unarchive Tomcat
unarchive:
src: /root/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}.tar.gz
dest: "{{ tomcat_install_path }}"
- name: Create Link File
file:
src: "{{ tomcat_install_path }}/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}"
dest: "{{ tomcat_install_path }}/tomcat8"
state: link
- name: Start Tomcat
shell: cd "{{ tomcat_install_path }}"/tomcat8/bin && nohup ./startup.sh &
编写install_tomcat9.yml文件：
cat install_tomcat9.yml
---
- hosts: localhost
tasks:
- name: Install JDK
yum:
name: java-1.8.0-openjdk
state: present
- name: Download Tomacat
get_url:
url: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v{{ tomcat_version }}/bin/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}.tar.gz
dest: /root
- name: Unarchive Tomcat
unarchive:
src: /root/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}.tar.gz
dest: "{{ tomcat_install_path }}"
- name: Create Link File
file:
src: "{{ tomcat_install_path }}/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}"
dest: "{{ tomcat_install_path }}/tomcat9"
state: link
- name: Start Tomcat
shell: cd "{{ tomcat_install_path }}"/tomcat9/bin && nohup ./startup.sh &
#安装tomcat9
[root@xuzhichao playbook]# ansible-playbook -t tomcat9 tomcat_main.yml
#安装tomcat8
[root@xuzhichao playbook]# ansible-playbook -t tomcat8 tomcat_main.yml
https://blog.51cto.com/u_15127516/3557509
[Ansible系列]ansible-playbook之include和import
pre-tasks and post-tasks
---
- hosts: www
remote_user: vagrant
sudo: yes
pre_tasks:
- name: update the apt cache
apt: update_cache=yes
- shell: echo 'I":" Beginning to configure web server..'
roles:
- nginx
post_tasks:
- shell: echo 'I":" Done configuring nginx web server...'
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/ansible-playbook-essentials/9781784398293/ch02s09.html
常用 role 及playgook 例子
playbook 安装golang
pre config
#pre config cat /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg [defaults] inventory = /home/evan/ansible/inventory/hosts roles_path = /home/evan/ansible/playbooks/roles cat ~/ansible/inventory/hosts [mytmp] 192.168.10.7 ansible_user=root
目录
├── go.yml ├── roles │ └── go_install │ ├── files │ │ └── go1.17.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz │ ├── tasks │ │ ├── copy.yml │ │ ├── install.yml │ │ └── main.yml │ └── templates │ └── go_install.sh
文件详情
cat go.yml
---
- name: Installing Go from source
hosts: mytmp
remote_user: root
roles:
- go_install
**********
cat copy.yml
- name: copy go_tgz to client
copy: src=/home/evan/ansible/playbooks/roles/go_install/files/go1.17.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/src/
- name: copy install_go_script to client
copy: src=/home/evan/ansible/playbooks/roles/go_install/templates/go_install.sh dest=/tmp/go_install.sh owner=root group=root mode=755
cat install.yml
- name: install go
shell: /bin/bash /tmp/go_install.sh
cat main.yml
- include_tasks: copy.yml
- include_tasks: install.yml
cat templates/go_install.sh
#!/bin/bash
# install golang
# yum tools
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
cd /usr/local/src
tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.17.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
# end
refer
通过ansible安装中间件（jdk,nginx,mysql,etcd集群）
(playbook ins zbx还不错) ansible自动化运维详细教程及playbook详解
How to Install Nginx using Ansible Playbook
官网参考文档：
loops: https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/playbooks_loops.html
filters: https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/playbooks_filters.html
