Use aliyun mirrors Install and Configure Kubernetes (k8s) on debian10
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建议使用2021年的 使用阿里云镜像源快速搭建kubernetes(k8s) on debian10
参考一下 然后写成脚本吧 ubuntu 使用阿里云镜像源快速搭建kubernetes 1.15.2集群
初始化时 指定aliyun mirrors 本来是指定 1。17。1版本的 我改了新的 kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.11.184 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --ignore-preflight-errors=all --kubernetes-version v1.17.3 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
目录
- 1 images 准备
- 2 info
- 3 pre
- 4 Set Hostname and update hosts file
- 5 ins docker
- 6 ins 在所有节点上
- 7 不是线上的可以不改,在Master节点上配置 kubelet所需的cgroup驱动
- 8 初始化master
- 9 配置kubectl认证信息
- 10 安装pod网络on master
- 11 添加节点
- 12 master 也当作node
- 13 下面的是不是可以不要翻墙了呢
- 14 chpater4 k8s architecture
- 15 chapter 5 run apps
- 16 进阶
- 17 What is new
- 18 trouble
- 19 see also
images 准备
#不过如果用aliyun mirrors 应该也不用理这个的 初始化是会自己拉 root@k8s-master:~# kubeadm config images list W0304 10:05:03.567343 26153 validation.go:28] Cannot validate kube-proxy config - no validator is available W0304 10:05:03.567442 26153 validation.go:28] Cannot validate kubelet config - no validator is available k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.17.3 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.3 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.17.3 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.17.3 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3-0 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.6.5 由上面的 list 得知 好办，我们先找台海外服务器，把相应的镜像拉下来，推到我们自己的私有仓库里，再pull,然后改tag。没有私有仓库也不要紧，我已经把1.15.1推到hub.docker.com了。 找一台能连接k8s.gcr.io的服务器: docker pull k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.17.3 docker pull k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.3 docker pull k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.17.3 docker pull k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.17.3 docker pull k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 docker pull k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3-0 docker pull k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.6.5 docker login evan886 evan2240881 docker tag k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.17.3 evan886/kube-apiserver:v1.17.3 docker push evan886/kube-apiserver:v1.17.3 docker tag k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.3 evan886/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.3 docker tag k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.17.3 evan886/kube-scheduler:v1.17.3 docker tag k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.17.3 evan886/kube-proxy:v1.17.3 docker tag k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 evan886/pause:3.1 docker tag k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3-0 evan886/etcd:3.4.3-0 docker tag k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.6.5 evan886/coredns:1.6.5 #push 自己的hub.docker docker push evan886/kube-apiserver:v1.17.3 docker push evan886/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.3 docker push evan886/kube-scheduler:v1.17.3 docker push evan886/kube-proxy:v1.17.3 docker push evan886/pause:3.1 docker push evan886/etcd:3.4.3-0 docker push evan886/coredns:1.6.5 #on k8s master docker pull evan886/etcd:3.4.3-0 docker pull evan886/coredns:1.6.5 docker pull evan886/kube-proxy:v1.17.3 再tag 回k8s.gcr.io docker tag evan886/kube-proxy:v1.17.3 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.17.3 docker tag evan886/etcd:3.4.3-0 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3-0 docker tag evan886/coredns:1.6.5 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.6.5
info
cat >>/etc/hosts <<EOF 192.168.11.184 k8s-master 192.168.88.31 k8s-node1 192.168.88.32 k8s-node2 EOF 每台机器最少2GB内存，2CPUs。 集群中所有机器之间网络连接正常。 打开相应的端口，详见： [ Check required ports https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/install-kubeadm/#check-required-ports] Kubernetes要求集群中所有机器具有不同的Mac地址、产品uuid、Hostname。可以使用如下命令查看： # UUID cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_uuid # Mac地址 ip link
pre
搞个离线的吧 可以先学习着
Set Hostname and update hosts file
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname "k8s-master" sudo hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1 sudo hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2 #Add the following lines in /etc/hosts file on all three systems,
如果不想翻墙 请参考使用Kubeadm搭建Kubernetes(1.12.2)集群
ins docker
Docker_and_docker-compose%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85#on_debian
docker-compose 如果要直接用官方的二进制包
ins 在所有节点上
swapoff -a; sudo usermod -a -G docker $USER
sudo apt update && sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common -y
修改docker cgroup driver为systemd
根据文档CRI installation中的内容，对于使用systemd作为init system的Linux的发行版，使用systemd作为docker的cgroup driver可以确保服务器节点在资源紧张的情况更加稳定，因此这里修改各个节点上docker的cgroup driver为systemd。
创建或修改/etc/docker/daemon.json：
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
重启docker：
systemctl restart docker
docker info | grep Cgroup
Cgroup Driver: systemd
#国内版
cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
apt install gnupg -y
curl -s https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
#4、更新索引文件并安装kubernetes
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y kubeadm kubelet kubectl
apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
apt-get update
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
#init 之前不要启动
#systemctl start kubelet&& systemctl enable kubelet.service
这些不改也无伤的 如果不是线上环境 2020
启动不了
原来是kubelet 的cgroup dirver 与 docker的不一样。docker默认使用cgroupfs,keubelet 默认使用systemd。
https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2",
"storage-opts": [
"overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
]
}
EOF
mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
#这个有改的 18.04上成功了的
vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_AUTHZ_ARGS=--authorization-mode=Webhook --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt"
Environment="KUBELET_CADVISOR_ARGS=--cadvisor-port=0"
Environment="KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=cgroupfs"
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet.service
不是线上的可以不改,在Master节点上配置 kubelet所需的cgroup驱动
使用 Docker 时，kubeadm 会自动为其检测 cgroup 驱动在运行时对 /var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env 文件进行配置。 如果您使用了不同的 CRI， 您得把 /etc/default/kubelet 文件中的 cgroup-driver 位置改为对应的值，像这样： KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=<value> 这个文件将会被 kubeadm init 和 kubeadm join 用于为 kubelet 获取 额外的用户参数。 请注意，您只需要在您的 cgroup driver 不是 cgroupfs 时这么做，因为 cgroupfs 已经是 kubelet 的默认值了。 systemctl daemon-reload; systemctl restart kubelet #需要重启 kubelet： /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf This error is likely caused by: - The kubelet is not running - The kubelet is unhealthy due to a misconfiguration of the node in some way (required cgroups disabled) #me 2020 evan@k8s-master:~$ cat /var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=systemd --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf
初始化master
#可以用国内阿里节点 不用FQ了
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.11.184 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --ignore-preflight-errors=all --kubernetes-version v1.17.1 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
#14:25:52--14:47:55 kubelet 其实是没启动的 在init之前
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.88.30 --pod-network-cidr=10.224.0.0/16 # --apiserver-advertise-address=masterip
kubeadm join 192.168.88.58:6443 --token fuwhe0.ro0c8u82u4xtmn8q \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:83bd9c19486c44fde674f4ccf0a7382848cd7bfeff8c361d54e7a2955a4dbd60
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
另外有一个小技巧，在init的过程中，另开一个终端，运行
journalctl -f -u kubelet.service
可以查看具体是什么愿意卡住了
配置kubectl认证信息
cat /etc/sudoers.d/evan echo 'evan ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:NOPASSWD:ALL' > /etc/sudoers.d/evan su - evan mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc exit # 对于root用户 这省不能少 不然 # kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port? export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf #也可以直接放到~/.bash_profile echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
安装pod网络on master
#普通用户 不要翻墙 kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
添加节点
不要翻墙了 新起个窗口
# on all node
kubeadm join 192.168.88.58:6443 --token fuwhe0.ro0c8u82u4xtmn8q \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:83bd9c19486c44fde674f4ccf0a7382848cd7bfeff8c361d54e7a2955a4dbd60
evan@k8s-master:~$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s NotReady master 5h12m v1.14.2
u16 NotReady <none> 106m v1.14.2
evan@k8s-master:~$ kubectl get pod --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system coredns-fb8b8dccf-nprqq 0/1 Terminating 16 5h11m
kube-system coredns-fb8b8dccf-qn85f 0/1 Pending 0 5m4s
kube-system coredns-fb8b8dccf-sgtw4 0/1 Terminating 16 5h11m
kube-system coredns-fb8b8dccf-wsnkg 0/1 Pending 0 5m5s
kube-system etcd-k8s 1/1 Running 0 5h11m
kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s 1/1 Running 0 5h11m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-k8s 1/1 Running 0 5h11m
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-8vvn6 0/1 Init:0/1 0 107m
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-q92vz 1/1 Running 0 112m
kube-system kube-proxy-85vkt 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 107m
kube-system kube-proxy-fr7lv 1/1 Running 0 5h11m
kube-system kube-scheduler-k8s 1/1 Running 0 5h11m
evan@k8s-master:~$ kubectl describe pod kube-proxy-85vkt --namespace=kube-system
Name: kube-proxy-85vkt
Namespace: kube-system
Priority: 2000001000
PriorityClassName: system-node-critical
Node: u16/192.168.88.66
****
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled 109m default-scheduler Successfully assigned kube-system/kube-proxy-85vkt to u16
Normal Pulling 108m kubelet, u16 Pulling image "k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.14.2"
Normal Pulled 107m kubelet, u16 Successfully pulled image "k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.14.2"
Normal Created 107m kubelet, u16 Created container kube-proxy
Normal Started 107m kubelet, u16 Started container kube-proxy
Warning FailedCreatePodSandBox 52m (x119 over 107m) kubelet, u16 Failed create pod sandbox: rpc error: code = Unknown desc = failed pulling image "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1": Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
放了一个晚上 早上还是坏的 突然打开已是好的了
evan@ubuntu18:~$ kubectl get pod --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system coredns-fb8b8dccf-2rbwc 1/1 Running 3 18h
kube-system coredns-fb8b8dccf-67zc2 1/1 Running 3 18h
kube-system etcd-ubuntu18 1/1 Running 10 18h
kube-system kube-apiserver-ubuntu18 1/1 Running 4 18h
kube-system kube-controller-manager-ubuntu18 1/1 Running 5 18h
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-b6bn8 1/1 Running 45 16h
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-v9wxm 1/1 Running 46 16h
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-zn4xd 1/1 Running 3 16h
kube-system kube-proxy-d7pmb 1/1 Running 4 18h
kube-system kube-proxy-gcddr 1/1 Running 0 16h
kube-system kube-proxy-lv8cb 1/1 Running 0 16h
kube-system kube-scheduler-ubuntu18 1/1 Running 5 18h
master 也当作node 这里的master hostname 为 ubuntu18OB
evan@ubuntu18:~$ kubectl taint node ubuntu18 node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
node/ubuntu18 untainted
#master only
kubectl taint node ubuntu18 node-role.kubernetes.io/master="":NoSchedule
master 也当作node
[root@master tomcat]# hostname master [root@master tomcat]# kubectl taint node master node-role.kubernetes.io/master- node/master untainted
下面的是不是可以不要翻墙了呢
chpater4 k8s architecture
#唯一不是容器形式运行的k8s 组件
evan@k8s-master:~$ sudo systemctl status kubelet.service
● kubelet.service - kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
└─10-kubeadm.conf
Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-05-27 07:26:18 UTC; 21min ago
Docs: https://kubernetes.io/docs/home/
Main PID: 817 (kubelet)
Tasks: 19 (limit: 3499)
CGroup: /system.slice/kubelet.service
└─817 /usr/bin/kubelet --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf -
在master节点上发起个创建应用请求
这里我们创建个名为httpd-app的应用，镜像为httpd，有两个副本pod
evan@k8s-master:~$ kubectl run httpd-app --image=httpd --replicas=2
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/httpd-app created
evan@k8s-master:~$ kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
httpd-app 0/2 2 0 103s
evan@k8s-master:~$ kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
httpd-app-6df58645c6-bvg9w 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 2m10s <none> k8s-node1 <none> <none>
httpd-app-6df58645c6-n9xdj 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 2m10s <none> k8s-node2 <none> <none>
evan@k8s-master:~$ kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
httpd-app-6df58645c6-bvg9w 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 3m58s <none> k8s-node1 <none> <none>
httpd-app-6df58645c6-n9xdj 1/1 Running 0 3m58s 10.224.1.2 k8s-node2 <none> <none>
#OK了
evan@k8s-master:~$ kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
httpd-app-6df58645c6-bvg9w 1/1 Running 0 6m8s 10.224.2.3 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
httpd-app-6df58645c6-n9xdj 1/1 Running 0 6m8s 10.224.1.2 k8s-node2 <none> <none>
chapter 5 run apps
evan@k8s-master:~$ kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx:1.7.9 --replicas=2 kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead. deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created 上面的命令将部署包含两个副本的 Deployment nginx-deployment，容器的 image 为 nginx:1.7.9。 等待一段时间 kubectl get deployment nginx-deployment NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE nginx-deployment 2/2 2 2 36m 接下来我们用 kubectl describe deployment 了解更详细的信息
进阶
K8S 源码探秘 之 kubeadm init 执行流程分析
What is new
在Kubernetes 1.11中，CoreDNS已经实现了基于DNS的服务发现的GA，可作为kube-dns插件的替代品。这意味着CoreDNS将作为各种安装工具未来发布版本中的一个选项来提供。 事实上，kubeadm团队选择将其作为Kubernetes 1.11的默认选项。
CoreDNS正式GA | kube-dns与CoreDNS有何差异？
trouble
2020
换个国内的源好了 例如aliyu 有空自己搞一个 [kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed. Unfortunately, an error has occurred: timed out waiting for the condition This error is likely caused by: - The kubelet is not running - The kubelet is unhealthy due to a misconfiguration of the node in some way (required cgroups disabled) If you are on a systemd-powered system, you can try to troubleshoot the error with the following commands: - 'systemctl status kubelet' - 'journalctl -xeu kubelet' Additionally, a control plane component may have crashed or exited when started by the container runtime. To troubleshoot, list all containers using your preferred container runtimes CLI, e.g. docker. Here is one example how you may list all Kubernetes containers running in docker: - 'docker ps -a | grep kube | grep -v pause' Once you have found the failing container, you can inspect its logs with: - 'docker logs CONTAINERID' error execution phase wait-control-plane: couldn't initialize a Kubern To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher
Kubenetes服务不启动问题
重启系统后，发现kubelet服务没有起来，首先检查： 1.vim /etc/fstab #注释掉里面的swap一行。 2 /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf 文件加入KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS和KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS参数， 3.注意在启动参数中也要加入，如下： [Service] Environment="KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=systemd" Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--fail-swap-on=false" ExecStart= ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS $KUBELET_NETWORK_ARGS $KUBELET_DNS_ARGS $KUBELET_AUTHZ_ARGS $KUBELET_CADVISOR_ARGS $KUBELET_CERTIFICATE_ARGS $KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart kubelet
trouble2 重启一下机器就坏
为什么重启一下机器就坏了呢
systemctl status kubelet
● kubelet.service - kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
└─10-kubeadm.conf
Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2019-05-24 20:27:22 CST; 1s ago
Docs: https://kubernetes.io/docs/home/
Process: 1889 ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS (cod
Main PID: 1889 (code=exited, status=255)
kubelet.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=255
journalctl -xefu kubelet
原来是kubelet 的cgroup dirver 与 docker的不一样。docker默认使用cgroupfs,keubelet 默认使用systemd。
简单地说就是在kubeadm init 之前kubelet会不断重启。
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
Unfortunately, an error has occurred:
timed out waiting for the condition
This error is likely caused by:
- The kubelet is not running
- The kubelet is unhealthy due to a misconfiguration of the node in some way (required cgroups disabled)
If you are on a systemd-powered system, you can try to troubleshoot the error with the following commands:
- 'systemctl status kubelet'
- 'journalctl -xeu kubelet'
在集群初始化遇到问题，可以使用下面的命令进行清理后重新再初始化：
kubeadm reset
ifconfig cni0 down
ip link delete cni0
ifconfig flannel.1 down
ip link delete flannel.1
rm -rf /var/lib/cni/
K8S 初始化问题，有哪位遇到过，求解！timed out waiting for the condition
trouble3
evan@k8s-master:~$ docker pull gcr.io/kubernetes-helm/tiller:v2.14.0
Got permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket at unix:///var/run/docker.sock: Post http://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fdocker.sock/v1.39/images/create?fromImage=gcr.io%2Fkubernetes-helm%2Ftiller&tag=v2.14.0: dial unix /var/run/docker.sock: connect: permission denied
sudo usermod -a -G docker $USER #普通用户添加天docker 组
Docker pull Get Permission Denied
trouble 3
docker 223.6.6.6 有时有问题 建议用8.8.4.4
see also
使用Kubeadm搭建Kubernetes(1.12.2)集群
Debian 9 使用kubeadm创建 k8s 集群（上）
Debian 9 使用kubeadm创建 k8s 集群（下）
Install and Configure Kubernetes (k8s) 1.13 on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS / Ubuntu 18.10
Ubuntu 18.04 离线安装Kubernetes v1.11.1
https://www.kubernetes.org.cn/course/install
Install and Configure Kubernetes (k8s) on ubuntu
