1 进阶
- 1.1 变量
- 1.2 Chapter 2 inventory
2 introduction
3 ins
- 3.1 ins on centos use yum
4 配置文件
5 日常技巧
6 Ansible-Playbook之初始化服务器
7 ansible配合shell脚本批量编译安装python3.7
8 ansible配合shell脚本批量安装golang
- 8.1 run
9 ansible sudo 安装配置zbx agent
10 ansible sudo 修改ssh配置文件的安全选项
11 Ansible使用playbook自动化编译安装Nginx
12 ansible 创建用户
13 ansible修改hostname modify_hostname
14 ansible and shell
15 分发文件
16 troubleshooting
17 Playbook
18 References

进阶

变量

vars:
  key_file: /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.key 

play book 
- name: copy TLS key
  copy: src=files/nginx.key dest={{key_file}} owern=root  mode=0600

Chapter 2 inventory

p48

Ansible教程第三章 Inventory详解

introduction

Ansible是一种IT自动化工具。它可以配置系统，部署软件以及协调更高级的IT任务，例如持续部署，滚动更新。Ansible适用于管理企业IT基础设施，从具有少数主机的小规模到数千个实例的企业环境。Ansible也是一种简单的自动化语言，可以完美地描述IT应用程序基础结构。

ins

https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/installation_guide/index.html

#on master
pip3 install --user ansible

ssh-copy-id  -i  id_ecdsa.pub [email protected]
ssh-copy-id  -i  id_ecdsa.pub [email protected]
ssh-copy-id  -i  id_ecdsa.pub [email protected]



mkdir   /etc/ansible
vi /etc/ansible/hosts

192.168.88.50
192.168.88.51
192.168.88.52

[intra]
192.168.10.120
192.168.10.121

 ansible  all  -b -u root  -a "hostname"
192.168.88.51 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
k8s-node1
192.168.88.50 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
k8s-master
192.168.88.52 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
k8s-node2


 ansible all -m ping

ins on centos use yum

 yum install epel-release
 yum install ansible

配置文件



# 写在自己的home目录 
ansible在使用配置文件时按照以下顺序优先配置：

export ANSIBLE_CONFIG

./ansible.cfg

~/.ansible.cfg

/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg

如果以上顺序没有找到配置文件ansible会自动使用默认配置

关于ansible的配置在/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg文件中，所以关于ansible运行时所使用的ssh配置也可以在此文件中配置。在目前的ansible中，运行ansible时会依次加载 环境变量ANSIBLE_CONFIG，当前目录的ansible.cfg，~/.ansible.cfg，/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg，针对同一个配置项以最先加载到的为准。所以，我们可以单独编写自己的ansible.cfg文件放在当前目录下。

可以去github上把默认配置拿下来：

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ansible/ansible/devel/examples/ansible.cfg
# To generate an example config file (a "disabled" one with all default settings, commented out):
#               $ ansible-config init --disabled > ansible.cfg

# Also you can now have a more complete file by including existing plugins:
# ansible-config init --disabled -t all > ansible.cfg

把它放到/etc/ansible/目录

日常技巧

sudo

没密码的sudo

cat /etc/ansible/agent.yml
---
- hosts: all
  become: yes
  become_method: sudo
  remote_user: ops
  roles:
    - ag_conf

#当然 shell 里面也要写sudo

ansible 普通用户执行命令

Ansible 使用普通用户远程执行playbook

分组

ansible beta -b -u evan -m shell   -a " sudo hostname"
执行ansible-playbook  -C /etc/ansible/agent.yml 得在 yml 里面指定 hostip etc

inventory 文件hosts

# 非标准的22端口 必须第一列为别外 不然无效哦 January 24 2022
[add]
#172.16.0.40
[beta]
beta-insurance ansible_host=172.16.0.14  ansible_port=22
[pro]
prod-core-mongo                ansible_host=172.16.1.40  ansible_port=22
prod-access                    ansible_host=172.16.1.8   ansible_port=22
prod-insurance-backstage       ansible_host=172.16.0.16  ansible_port=22 
prod-insurance-crm-mongo       ansible_host=172.16.1.37  ansible_port=22  
prod-insurance-backstage-count ansible_host=172.16.1.19  ansible_port=22 
prod_core                      ansible_host=172.16.1.9 ansible_port=22
prod_mq                        ansible_host=172.16.1.12 ansible_port=22

 
[core]
prod_core
prod-core-mongo 

[insure]
prod-access
prod-insurance-backstage
prod-insurance-crm-mongo
prod-insurance-backstage-count

run shell

ansible core  -b -u evan -m shell   -a "sudo ls /home/evan"
 ansible insure -m shell   -a "sudo cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep Permit"

常用参数

-m MODULE_NAME	#执行模块的名字，默认使用 command 模块，所以如果是只执行单一命令可以不用 -m参数
-u REMOTE_USER	#远程用户，默认为 root 用户

查看列表的命令
-m	要执行的模块，默认为command
-a	模块的参数
-u	ssh连接的用户名，默认用root，ansible.cfg中可以配置
-C, --check           don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some
                       of the changes that may occur

变量

# 主机和主机组变量(主机变量优先级大于主机组变量)

vim /etc/ansible/hosts

[webservers]

172.16.1.121:22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass='123456' http_port=80

172.16.1.122:22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass='123456'


[webservers:vars]
http_port=8080
server_name=www.baidu.com

实验：

ansible webservers -m command -a "echo {{http_port}}" -o

命令说明：

ansible webservers -m command -a "echo {{http_port}}" -o

ansible：ansible命令

webservers：/etc/ansible/hosts中配置的主机组名称，指定 all (分组和未分组的主机)代表所有主机，指定172.16.1.121代表单台主机。

-m：指定使用的模块，默认是command模块(简单的shell命令)，可以省略不写。

-a：指定具体使用的shell指令，比如"echo {{http_port}}"表示在远程主机上打印http_port这个变量。

-o：对ansible的输出的结果进行压缩(即，输出的结果显示在一行)

ansible 常用模块

主机连通性测试

ansible web -m ping命令来进行主机连通性测试

command 模块

 ansible web -m command -a 'ss -ntl'

命令模块接受命令名称，后面是空格分隔的列表参数。给定的命令将在所有选定的节点上执行。它不会通过shell进行处理，比如$HOME和操作如"<"，">"，"|"，";"，"&" 工作（需要使用（shell）模块实现这些功能）。注意，该命令不支持| 管道命令。
　　下面来看一看该模块下常用的几个命令：

    chdir　　　　　　 # 在执行命令之前，先切换到该目录
    executable # 切换shell来执行命令，需要使用命令的绝对路径
    free_form 　 # 要执行的Linux指令，一般使用Ansible的-a参数代替。
    creates 　# 一个文件名，当这个文件存在，则该命令不执行,可以
    用来做判断
    removes # 一个文件名，这个文件不存在，则该命令不执行

shell 模块

copy 模块

9）service 模块

该模块用于服务程序的管理。
　　其主要选项如下：

    arguments #命令行提供额外的参数
    enabled #设置开机启动。
    name= #服务名称
    runlevel #开机启动的级别，一般不用指定。
    sleep #在重启服务的过程中，是否等待。如在服务关闭以后等待2秒再启动。(定义在剧本中。)
    state #有四种状态，分别为：started--->启动服务， stopped--->停止服务， restarted--->重启服务， reloaded--->重载配置

　　下面是一些例子：
① 开启服务并设置自启动

[root@server ~]# ansible web -m service -a 'name=nginx state=started enabled=true'

12）script 模块


万事先man 

root@myxps:~# ansible-doc  -s script
- name: Runs a local script on a remote node after transferring it
  script:
      chdir:                 # Change into this directory on the remote node before
                               running the script.
      cmd:                   # Path to the local script to run followed by optional
                               arguments.
      creates:               # A filename on the remote node, when it already
                               exists, this step will
                               *not* be run.
      decrypt:               # This option controls the autodecryption of source
                               files using vault.
      executable:            # Name or path of a executable to invoke the script
                               with.
      free_form:             # Path to the local script file followed by optional
                               arguments.
      removes:               # A filename on the remote node, when it does not
                               exist, this step will
                               *not* be run.


 [evan@ ansible]$ ansible add -m script -a './1.sh'

[evan@ ansible]$ cat  1.sh 
touch /tmp/byevanjan.log

https://blog.51cto.com/noodle/1769474

stat 模块

 ansible sftp -m stat  -a "path=/etc/passwd"

firewalld模块


service ： Name of a service to add/remove to/from firewalld.The service must be listed in output of firewall-cmd --get-services.
指定放行的服务，此服务必须要在firewall-cmd --get-services查询的到。

irewalld模块主要设置火墙对服务和端口的允许
参数：ansible-doc -s firewalld查看一下fetch模块的参数`

service参数 	必须参数，用于指定要允许服务。
state参数 	enabled开机启动
permanent参数 	true 永久添加
immediate参数 	true 立即生效








#  firewall-cmd --list-all
public
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: 
  sources: 
  services: dhcpv6-client ssh
  
  
  /etc/ansible# cat fire.yml 
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.122
  gather_facts: true
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  - name: "firewalld"
    firewalld:
      service: http
      state: enabled
      permanent: true
      immediate: yes
      
      
ansible-playbook -C  fire.yml 
ansible-playbook   fire.yml 
      
运行后 结果如下 多了个 http

 firewall-cmd --list-all
public
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: 
  sources: 
  services: dhcpv6-client http ssh


#直接执行
ansible node1 -m firewalld -a 'service=https permanent=yes state=enabled'



ansible node1 -m service -a 'name=firewalld state=restarted'


#建议reload 不要动不动restart
 ansible intra -m service -a 'name=firewalld state=reloaded'


 ansible intra -m firewalld -a 'port=8081/tcp permanent=yes state=enabled'

ansible firewalld模块详解

ansible 用户批量创建与管理


最笨的办法  明显不是我们要的 
ansible intra -m command -a 'useradd appl'


ansible-doc  user -s


最好的办法  playbook 

/etc/ansible# cat adduser.yml 
---
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  - name: 'Create  group lai'
    group:
     name: lai
     state: present        

  - name: create user deployer
    user:
      name: "{{ item.user }}"
      group: "{{ item.user }}"
      password: "{{ item.pass|password_hash('sha512') }}"
      state: present
      update_password: on_create
    loop: 
        - { user: lai , pass:  '2240881'}     

#密码要用字符

Ansible-Playbook之初始化服务器

init-user 
init-tools 

vim task/main.yml
- include: user.yml  #用户管理
- include: repo.yml  #yum源
- include: init_pkg.yml  #安装基础组件
- include: profile.yml  #环境变量
- include: selinux.yml  #selinux
- include: dir.yml  #基础目录
- include: limits.yml   #系统参数
- include: iptables.yml  #防火墙
- include: sysctl.yml   #内核参数
- include: rc.local.yml   #开机启动
- include: dns.yml    #dns
- include: ntp.yml    #ntp
- include: rsyslog.yml  #日志同步
- include: sshd.yml  #ssh优化
- include: safe.yml   #安全配置

good-ansible自动化：操作系统初始化具体实现

03 实战 Ansible-Playbook之初始化服务器--有sshd安全相关

https://gitee.com/wanghui1234/ansible_repo

ansible-playbook编写服务器初始化脚本

ansible配合shell脚本批量编译安装python3.7

https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible

具体安排脚本here https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible/tree/main/ansible4py3.7ins

git clone [email protected]:evan886/my-ansible.git

cd ansible4py3.7ins/

执行playbook
测试
root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook -C  python.yml

执行
root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook  python.yml

ansible配合shell脚本批量编译安装python3.6.6

ansible配合shell脚本批量安装golang

https://golang.org/doc/install

tree 
.
├── ansible.cfg
├── go.yml
├── hosts
└── roles
    └── go_install
        ├── files
        │   └── go1.17.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
        ├── tasks
        │   ├── copy.yml
        │   ├── install.yml
        │   └── main.yml
        └── templates
            └── go_install.sh

5 directories, 8 files



reload environment variable.  怎么搞 要手工不成  不科学
oot@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible intra -b -u root  -a "source /etc/profile"
192.168.10.120 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
[Errno 2] 没有那个文件或目录
192.168.10.121 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
[Errno 2] 没有那个文件或目录
root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible intra -b -u root  -a ". /etc/profile"
192.168.10.121 | FAILED | rc=13 >>
[Errno 13] 权限不够
192.168.10.120 | FAILED | rc=13 >>
[Errno 13] 权限不够

run


#!/usr/bin/env ansible-playbook

加权限后就可以   ./youfile


root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook -C  go.yml 
[WARNING]: ansible.utils.display.initialize_locale has not been called, this may result in incorrectly
calculated text widths that can cause Display to print incorrect line lengths

PLAY [all] *****************************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *****************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.121]
ok: [192.168.10.120]

TASK [go_install : copy go_tgz to client] **********************************************************************
changed: [192.168.10.120]
changed: [192.168.10.121]

TASK [go_install : copy install_go_script to client] ***********************************************************
changed: [192.168.10.120]
changed: [192.168.10.121]

TASK [go_install : install go] *********************************************************************************
skipping: [192.168.10.120]
skipping: [192.168.10.121]

PLAY RECAP *****************************************************************************************************
192.168.10.120             : ok=3    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0   
192.168.10.121             : ok=3    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0   

root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook   go.yml 
[WARNING]: ansible.utils.display.initialize_locale has not been called, this may result in incorrectly calculated text widths that can cause Display to print incorrect line
lengths

PLAY [all] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.10.121]
ok: [192.168.10.120]

TASK [go_install : copy go_tgz to client] ***********************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.10.120]
changed: [192.168.10.121]

TASK [go_install : copy install_go_script to client] ************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.10.120]
changed: [192.168.10.121]

TASK [go_install : install go] **********************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.10.120]
changed: [192.168.10.121]

PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.10.120             : ok=4    changed=3    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
192.168.10.121             : ok=4    changed=3    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

Ansible Role 系统环境之【go】

ansible sudo 安装配置zbx agent

https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible

#具体脚本
https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible/tree/main/ansible4zbxagent-insconf

ansible sudo 修改ssh配置文件的安全选项

cat modify_sshd.yml
---
- hosts: cor
#- hosts: all
  gather_facts: true
  #remote_user: root
  become: yes
  become_method: sudo
  remote_user: evan
  
  tasks:
  - name: "修改ssh配置文件的安全选项"
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      regexp: '{{ item.regexp }}'
      line: '{{ item.line }}'
      state: present
    with_items:
      - regexp: "^PasswordAuthentication"
        line: "PasswordAuthentication no"
      - regexp: "^#PermitRootLogin yes"
        line: "PermitRootLogin no"
      - regexp: "^PermitRootLogin yes"
        line: "PermitRootLogin no"

      #- regexp: "^#Port 22"
      #  line: "Port 2249"
      - regexp: "^GSSAPIAuthentication yes"
        line: "GSSAPIAuthentication no"
    notify:
      - restart sshd
  handlers:
    - name: restart sshd
      service:
        name: sshd
        state: restarted


直接
ansible all -b  --become-method=su  --become-user-root -m shell -a "sed 's/PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config" |grep -E "Root|172.16"

Ansible使用playbook自动化编译安装Nginx

ansible 创建用户

useradd jsxge
chown -R jsxge.wheel jsxge
echo "123456" | passwd --stdin jsxge

关于sudoers：Ansible：创建具有sudo特权的用户

ansible修改hostname modify_hostname

cat hosts 
[pro]
172.16.0.8  
172.16.0.16  
172.16.0.37 
172.16.0.19 
172.16.0.9  

ansible]$ cat modify_hostname.yml
---
- name: set hostname
  hosts: pro
  #hosts: all
  become: yes
  become_method: sudo
  remote_user: eva

  gather_facts: false
  vars:
    hostnames:
      - host: 172.16.0.8
        name: prod-access
      - host: 172.16.0.16
        name: prod-insurance-backstage

      - host: 172.16.0.37
        name: prod-insurance-crm-mongo
      - host: 172.16.0.19
        name: prod-insurance-backstage-count
      - host: 172.16.0.9
        name: prod-insurance-core
  tasks:
    - name: set hostname
      hostname:
        name: "{{item.name}}"
      when: item.host == inventory_hostname
      loop: "{{hostnames}}"

ansible and shell

使用ansible执行shell命令的正确姿势

分发文件

 

 cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[intra]
192.168.10.120
192.168.10.121



ansible intra -m copy -a "src=/home/evan/data/devops/node-v14.17.6-linux-x64.tar.xz  dest=/root/"

ansible 122 -m copy -a "src=/home/evan/data/devops/jdk/jdk-8u212-linux-x64.rpm dest=/root/"

ansible批量传输文件

结合P2P软件使用Ansible分发大文件_神棍之路-程序员宅基地

使用 Ansible 传输文件的几种方式

troubleshooting


TASK [ag_conf : install conig  zbx agent] **************************************************************************
fatal: [172.16.0.16]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": "/bin/bash /tmp/i.sh", "delta": "0:00:00.065791", "end": "2021-10-15 10:54:54.896410", "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 127, "start": "2021-10-15 10:54:54.830619", "stderr": "/bin/bash: /tmp/i.sh: 没有那个文件或目录", "stderr_lines": ["/bin/bash: /tmp/i.sh: 没有那个文件或目录"], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []}

PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************
172.16.0.16                : ok=1    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=1    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   


solution
忘记main.yml 加上 copy.yml喽


普通用户  

$ ansible
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/ansible", line 32, in <module>
    from ansible import context
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ansible'


evan@myxps:~/data/resume/interview$ pip list   | grep ansible 
evan@myxps:~/data/resume/interview$ sudo pip list   | grep ansible 
ansible                        4.5.0
ansible-core                   2.11.5

ansible中配置ssh--ssh连接断开时，如何很快获取异常并中断playbook的执行