Ansible基础
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目录
进阶
ansible playbook初始化系统基础环境，直接就可以用
ansible的安装和操作，并编写一个docker部署的示例
ansible-playbook使用实例（分发文件，执行脚本）
变量
vars:
key_file: /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.key
play book
- name: copy TLS key
copy: src=files/nginx.key dest={{key_file}} owern=root mode=0600
Chapter 2 inventory
p48
ins
https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/installation_guide/index.html
#on master pip3 install --user ansible ssh-copy-id -i id_ecdsa.pub [email protected] ssh-copy-id -i id_ecdsa.pub [email protected] ssh-copy-id -i id_ecdsa.pub [email protected] mkdir /etc/ansible vi /etc/ansible/hosts 192.168.88.50 192.168.88.51 192.168.88.52 [intra] 192.168.10.120 192.168.10.121 ansible all -b -u root -a "hostname" 192.168.88.51 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> k8s-node1 192.168.88.50 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> k8s-master 192.168.88.52 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> k8s-node2 ansible all -m ping
ins on centos use yum
yum install epel-release yum install ansible
配置文件
# 写在自己的home目录 ansible在使用配置文件时按照以下顺序优先配置： export ANSIBLE_CONFIG ./ansible.cfg ~/.ansible.cfg /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg 如果以上顺序没有找到配置文件ansible会自动使用默认配置 可以去github上把默认配置拿下来： https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ansible/ansible/devel/examples/ansible.cfg # To generate an example config file (a "disabled" one with all default settings, commented out): # $ ansible-config init --disabled > ansible.cfg # Also you can now have a more complete file by including existing plugins: # ansible-config init --disabled -t all > ansible.cfg 把它放到/etc/ansible/目录
日常技巧
sudo
没密码的sudo
cat /etc/ansible/agent.yml
---
- hosts: all
become: yes
become_method: sudo
remote_user: ops
roles:
- ag_conf
#当然 shell 里面也要写sudo
分组
ansible beta -b -u evan -m shell -a " sudo hostname" 执行ansible-playbook -C /etc/ansible/agent.yml 得在 yml 里面指定 hostip etc
inventory 文件hosts [add] #172.16.0.40 [beta] beta-insurance ansible_host=172.16.0.14 ansible_port=22 [pro] prod-core-mongo ansible_host=172.16.1.40 ansible_port=22 prod-access ansible_host=172.16.1.8 ansible_port=22 prod-insurance-backstage ansible_host=172.16.0.16 ansible_port=22 prod-insurance-crm-mongo ansible_host=172.16.1.37 ansible_port=22 prod-insurance-backstage-count ansible_host=172.16.1.19 ansible_port=22 prod_core ansible_host=172.16.1.9 ansible_port=22 prod_mq ansible_host=172.16.1.12 ansible_port=22 [core] prod_core prod-core-mongo [insure] prod-access prod-insurance-backstage prod-insurance-crm-mongo prod-insurance-backstage-count
run shell
ansible core -b -u evan -m shell -a "sudo ls /home/evan"
常用参数
-m MODULE_NAME #执行模块的名字，默认使用 command 模块，所以如果是只执行单一命令可以不用 -m参数 -u REMOTE_USER #远程用户，默认为 root 用户
查看列表的命令
-m 要执行的模块，默认为command
-a 模块的参数
-u ssh连接的用户名，默认用root，ansible.cfg中可以配置
-C, --check don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some
of the changes that may occur
ansible 常用模块
主机连通性测试
ansible web -m ping命令来进行主机连通性测试
command 模块
ansible web -m command -a 'ss -ntl'
命令模块接受命令名称，后面是空格分隔的列表参数。给定的命令将在所有选定的节点上执行。它不会通过shell进行处理，比如$HOME和操作如"<"，">"，"|"，";"，"&" 工作（需要使用（shell）模块实现这些功能）。注意，该命令不支持| 管道命令。
下面来看一看该模块下常用的几个命令：
chdir # 在执行命令之前，先切换到该目录
executable # 切换shell来执行命令，需要使用命令的绝对路径
free_form # 要执行的Linux指令，一般使用Ansible的-a参数代替。
creates # 一个文件名，当这个文件存在，则该命令不执行,可以
用来做判断
removes # 一个文件名，这个文件不存在，则该命令不执行
shell 模块
copy 模块
9）service 模块
该模块用于服务程序的管理。
其主要选项如下：
arguments #命令行提供额外的参数
enabled #设置开机启动。
name= #服务名称
runlevel #开机启动的级别，一般不用指定。
sleep #在重启服务的过程中，是否等待。如在服务关闭以后等待2秒再启动。(定义在剧本中。)
state #有四种状态，分别为：started--->启动服务， stopped--->停止服务， restarted--->重启服务， reloaded--->重载配置
下面是一些例子：
① 开启服务并设置自启动
[root@server ~]# ansible web -m service -a 'name=nginx state=started enabled=true'
12）script 模块
ansible配合shell脚本批量编译安装python3.7
https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible
具体安排脚本here https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible/tree/main/ansible4py3.7ins
git clone [email protected]:evan886/my-ansible.git cd ansible4py3.7ins/ 执行playbook 测试 root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook -C python.yml 执行 root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook python.yml
ansible配合shell脚本批量编译安装python3.6.6
ansible配合shell脚本批量安装golang
https://golang.org/doc/install
tree
.
├── ansible.cfg
├── go.yml
├── hosts
└── roles
└── go_install
├── files
│ └── go1.17.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
├── tasks
│ ├── copy.yml
│ ├── install.yml
│ └── main.yml
└── templates
└── go_install.sh
5 directories, 8 files
reload environment variable. 怎么搞 要手工不成 不科学
oot@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible intra -b -u root -a "source /etc/profile"
192.168.10.120 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
[Errno 2] 没有那个文件或目录
192.168.10.121 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
[Errno 2] 没有那个文件或目录
root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible intra -b -u root -a ". /etc/profile"
192.168.10.121 | FAILED | rc=13 >>
[Errno 13] 权限不够
192.168.10.120 | FAILED | rc=13 >>
[Errno 13] 权限不够
run
#!/usr/bin/env ansible-playbook 加权限后就可以 ./youfile root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook -C go.yml [WARNING]: ansible.utils.display.initialize_locale has not been called, this may result in incorrectly calculated text widths that can cause Display to print incorrect line lengths PLAY [all] ***************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ***************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.10.121] ok: [192.168.10.120] TASK [go_install : copy go_tgz to client] ********************************************************************** changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] TASK [go_install : copy install_go_script to client] *********************************************************** changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] TASK [go_install : install go] ********************************************************************************* skipping: [192.168.10.120] skipping: [192.168.10.121] PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************** 192.168.10.120 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0 192.168.10.121 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0 root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook go.yml [WARNING]: ansible.utils.display.initialize_locale has not been called, this may result in incorrectly calculated text widths that can cause Display to print incorrect line lengths PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.10.121] ok: [192.168.10.120] TASK [go_install : copy go_tgz to client] *********************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] TASK [go_install : copy install_go_script to client] ************************************************************************************************************************ changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] TASK [go_install : install go] ********************************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 192.168.10.120 : ok=4 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 192.168.10.121 : ok=4 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
ansible sudo 安装配置zbx agent
https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible
#具体脚本 https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible/tree/main/ansible4zbxagent-insconf
Ansible使用playbook自动化编译安装Nginx
ansible 创建用户
useradd jsxge chown -R jsxge.wheel jsxge echo "123456" | passwd --stdin jsxge
关于sudoers：Ansible：创建具有sudo特权的用户
ansible修改hostname modify_hostname
cat hosts
[pro]
172.16.0.8
172.16.0.16
172.16.0.37
172.16.0.19
172.16.0.9
ansible]$ cat modify_hostname.yml
---
- name: set hostname
hosts: pro
#hosts: all
become: yes
become_method: sudo
remote_user: eva
gather_facts: false
vars:
hostnames:
- host: 172.16.0.8
name: prod-access
- host: 172.16.0.16
name: prod-insurance-backstage
- host: 172.16.0.37
name: prod-insurance-crm-mongo
- host: 172.16.0.19
name: prod-insurance-backstage-count
- host: 172.16.0.9
name: prod-insurance-core
tasks:
- name: set hostname
hostname:
name: "{{item.name}}"
when: item.host == inventory_hostname
loop: "{{hostnames}}"
ansible and shell
分发文件
cat /etc/ansible/hosts [intra] 192.168.10.120 192.168.10.121 ansible intra -m copy -a "src=/home/evan/data/devops/node-v14.17.6-linux-x64.tar.xz dest=/root/" ansible 122 -m copy -a "src=/home/evan/data/devops/jdk/jdk-8u212-linux-x64.rpm dest=/root/"
结合P2P软件使用Ansible分发大文件_神棍之路-程序员宅基地
troubleshooting
TASK [ag_conf : install conig zbx agent] **************************************************************************
fatal: [172.16.0.16]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": "/bin/bash /tmp/i.sh", "delta": "0:00:00.065791", "end": "2021-10-15 10:54:54.896410", "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 127, "start": "2021-10-15 10:54:54.830619", "stderr": "/bin/bash: /tmp/i.sh: 没有那个文件或目录", "stderr_lines": ["/bin/bash: /tmp/i.sh: 没有那个文件或目录"], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************
172.16.0.16 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=1 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
忘记main.yml 加上 copy.yml喽
Playbook
References
Jenkins + Ansible 实现 Golang 自动化编译部署
https://github.com/apenella/go-ansible#install
