Alpine
目录
NOTE
一般一个软件官方用什么os作容器就用他,不一定是alpine才是最好的 例如 mysql python就可能不是
不要轻易使用 Alpine 镜像来构建 Docker 镜像，有坑！
see also
alpine lnmp 也为docker准备
Production LAMP system: Lighttpd + PHP + MySQL
pre
占用内存仅仅 37M ，非常的小巧。适合用在树莓派或者其他低内存设备上。 Alpine Linux 折腾记
修改 源 为cst 中国标准时间
#修改源 cat /etc/apk/repositories echo 'https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.14/main https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.14/community'>/etc/apk/repositories http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.12/main http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.12/community echo 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.14/main http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.14/community' >/etc/apk/repositories apk add --update nodejs npm #RUN 表明 这是在容器里面的 RUN apk add -U tzdata #设置时区 RUN cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime \ && echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone
download
x86
https://alpinelinux.org/downloads/
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.10/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.10.3-x86_64.iso
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.10/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.10.1-x86_64.iso
Raspberry Pi
AArch64是ARMv8 架构的一种执行状态 so 下载这个 拿回来试一下 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.8/releases/aarch64/alpine-rpi-3.8.1-aarch64.tar.gz
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.8/releases/aarch64/alpine-rpi-3.8.1-aarch64.tar.gz
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.8/releases/armhf/alpine-rpi-3.8.1-armhf.tar.gz
国内的mirrors 有时比较同步比较慢 https://mirrors.alpinelinux.org/
install on pi
https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi
https://my.oschina.net/u/2306127/blog/1587585
https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Create_a_Bootable_USB
安装过程
输入root 没有密码 直接回车 如果是内网机器 记得打开 root login ssh
13-选择 sys 方式使用磁盘，将系统安装到本地硬盘-格式化硬盘-完成硬盘安装
sys
configure
国内源 a. 编辑 /etc/apk/repositories b. 将里面 dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org 的 改成 mirrors.aliyun.com ; 保存退出即可 非交互 echo 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.14/main http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.14/community' >/etc/apk/repositories apk add --update nodejs npm cat /etc/apk/repositories #/media/cdrom/apks http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.10/main http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.10/community #http://mirror.xtom.com.hk/alpine/v3.10/main #http://mirror.xtom.com.hk/alpine/v3.10/community #http://mirror.xtom.com.hk/alpine/edge/main #http://mirror.xtom.com.hk/alpine/edge/community #http://mirror.xtom.com.hk/alpine/edge/testing apk update alpine:~# cat /etc/apk/repositories #/media/cdrom/apks http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.8/main http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.8/community cp /etc/apk/repositories /etc/apk/repositories.bak
软件包管理工具apk的基本使用
可以方便地安装、删除、更新软件。 #查询openssh相关的软件包 apk search openssh #安装一个软件包 apk add xxx #删除已安装的xxx软件包 apk del xxx #获取更多apk包管理的命令参数 apk --help #比如安装常用的网络相关工具： #更新软件包索引文件 apk update #用于文本方式查看网页，用于测试http协议 apk add curl #提供了查看网络连接的协议端口的命令ss，可以替代netstat命令 apk add iproute2 #drill 命令可以替代dig和nslookup DNS查询命令 apk add drill alpine:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 10.0M 0 10.0M 0% /dev shm 245.0M 0 245.0M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda3 29.4G 576.7M 27.3G 2% / tmpfs 49.0M 108.0K 48.9M 0% /run /dev/sda1 92.8M 19.1M 66.8M 22% /boot
Alpine Linux 包管理
5.apk info $ apk info #列出所有已安装的软件包 $ apk info -a zlib #显示完整的软件包信息 $ apk info --who-owns /sbin/lbu #显示指定文件属于的包
on vps
my.vultr.com ISO Library has apline 3.8 也可以自己上传
Bootstrapping Alpine Linux - Alpine Linux
Install Alpine Linux on your Linode
docker
cat /etc/apk/repositories http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.10/main http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.10/community apk add docker rc-update add docker boot service docker start apk add py-pip apk add python-dev libffi-dev openssl-dev gcc libc-dev make mkdir -p ~/.pip #vim ~/.pip/pip.conf cat >>~/.pip/pip.conf<<EOF [global] index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ [install] trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com EOF pip install more-itertools==5.0.0 #3.10.3 pip install docker-compose #err 100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 1.2MB/s more-itertools requires Python '>=3.5' but the running Python is 2.7.16
nodejs yarn etc
#换源 然后 apk add --no-cache nodejs yarn python
https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Docker
alpine docker php
github 有个php-worker 搞了一关的 可以参考
Dockerfile 学习：Docker Alpine PHP 安装扩展
Alpine Linux 初上手与安装 PHP7 / MySQL 环境
trouble shooting
alpine镜像crontab无法运行问题
alpine镜像 普通用户 crontab无法运行问题 crond 服务用 root用户启动 or on ci docker-compose exec -u root -T php-worker sh -c "crond" 如果用官方提供alpine镜像是不自动启动crond的，得手动起 每个用户有单独的文件在/etc/crontabs文件夹 可以用supervisor启动crond，但要用root用户去启动crond，运行其他用户的定时任务 cron itself should run as root, regardless of which user you want to use to run the jobs. This will install a crontab for user robuser. When cron executes jobs from this particular crontab, it will automatically switch users to robuser. However, cron can’t switch users like that if it’s not running as root, which is why you need to be running cron as root. crontab -l crontab: must be suid to work properly apk add --update busybox-suid
alpine linux中如何使用crontab执行定时任务
Failed to edit crontab (linux Alpine)
Running cron jobs in a Docker Alpine container
ops
apk add rsync
install golnag
#1.16 的,新的可能要下载的安装方式 apk add --no-cache git make musl-dev go
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52056387/how-to-install-go-in-alpine-linux
install nginx
nstall the prerequisites:
sudo apk add openssl curl ca-certificates
To set up the apk repository for stable nginx packages, run the following command:
printf "%s%s%s%s\n" \
"@nginx " \
"http://nginx.org/packages/alpine/v" \
`egrep -o '^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+' /etc/alpine-release` \
"/main" \
| sudo tee -a /etc/apk/repositories
Next, import an official nginx signing key so apk could verify the packages authenticity. Fetch the key:
curl -o /tmp/nginx_signing.rsa.pub https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.rsa.pub
Verify that downloaded file contains the proper key:
openssl rsa -pubin -in /tmp/nginx_signing.rsa.pub -text -noout
The output should contain the following modulus:
Public-Key: (2048 bit)
Modulus:
00:fe:14:f6:0a:1a:b8:86:19:fe:cd:ab:02:9f:58:
2f:37:70:15:74:d6:06:9b:81:55:90:99:96:cc:70:
5c:de:5b:e8:4c:b2:0c:47:5b:a8:a2:98:3d:11:b1:
f6:7d:a0:46:df:24:23:c6:d0:24:52:67:ba:69:ab:
9a:4a:6a:66:2c:db:e1:09:f1:0d:b2:b0:e1:47:1f:
0a:46:ac:0d:82:f3:3c:8d:02:ce:08:43:19:d9:64:
86:c4:4e:07:12:c0:5b:43:ba:7d:17:8a:a3:f0:3d:
98:32:b9:75:66:f4:f0:1b:2d:94:5b:7c:1c:e6:f3:
04:7f:dd:25:b2:82:a6:41:04:b7:50:93:94:c4:7c:
34:7e:12:7c:bf:33:54:55:47:8c:42:94:40:8e:34:
5f:54:04:1d:9e:8c:57:48:d4:b0:f8:e4:03:db:3f:
68:6c:37:fa:62:14:1c:94:d6:de:f2:2b:68:29:17:
24:6d:f7:b5:b3:18:79:fd:31:5e:7f:4c:be:c0:99:
13:cc:e2:97:2b:dc:96:9c:9a:d0:a7:c5:77:82:67:
c9:cb:a9:e7:68:4a:e1:c5:ba:1c:32:0e:79:40:6e:
ef:08:d7:a3:b9:5d:1a:df:ce:1a:c7:44:91:4c:d4:
99:c8:88:69:b3:66:2e:b3:06:f1:f4:22:d7:f2:5f:
ab:6d
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
Finally, move the key to apk trusted keys storage:
sudo mv /tmp/nginx_signing.rsa.pub /etc/apk/keys/
To install nginx, run the following command:
sudo apk add nginx@nginx
The @nginx tag should also be specified when installing packages with dynamic modules:
sudo apk add nginx-module-image-filter@nginx nginx-module-njs@nginx
http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html#Alpine
python
alpine linux 安裝python指定版本以及pip
desktop
暂时没有中文输入法
Alpine Linux：如何配置GUI的图形桌面环境：x Desktop Environment
Alpine Linux：如何配置GUI的图形桌面环境：x Desktop Environment
问题
Alpine Linux使用了musl，可能和其他Linux发行版使用的glibc实现会有所不同。在容器化中最可能遇到的是DNS问题，即musl实现的DNS服务不会使用resolv.conf文件中的search和domain两个配置，这对于一些通过DNS来进行服务发现的框架可能会遇到问题
see also
Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi 3 Alpine Linux arm64
