“Ansible基础”的版本间的差异
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第304行: | 第304行: | ||
sources: | sources: | ||
services: dhcpv6-client http ssh | services: dhcpv6-client http ssh | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | #直接执行 | ||
+ | ansible node1 -m firewalld -a 'service=https permanent=yes state=enabled' | ||
</pre> | </pre> |
2022年2月28日 (一) 07:08的版本
目录
- 1 进阶
- 2 ins
- 3 配置文件
- 4 日常技巧
- 5 ansible配合shell脚本批量编译安装python3.7
- 6 ansible配合shell脚本批量安装golang
- 7 ansible sudo 安装配置zbx agent
- 8 ansible sudo 修改ssh配置文件的安全选项
- 9 Ansible使用playbook自动化编译安装Nginx
- 10 ansible 创建用户
- 11 ansible修改hostname modify_hostname
- 12 ansible and shell
- 13 分发文件
- 14 troubleshooting
- 15 Playbook
- 16 References
进阶
ansible playbook初始化系统基础环境,直接就可以用
ansible的安装和操作,并编写一个docker部署的示例
ansible-playbook使用实例(分发文件,执行脚本)
变量
vars: key_file: /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.key play book - name: copy TLS key copy: src=files/nginx.key dest={{key_file}} owern=root mode=0600
Chapter 2 inventory
p48
ins
https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/installation_guide/index.html
#on master pip3 install --user ansible ssh-copy-id -i id_ecdsa.pub [email protected] ssh-copy-id -i id_ecdsa.pub [email protected] ssh-copy-id -i id_ecdsa.pub [email protected] mkdir /etc/ansible vi /etc/ansible/hosts 192.168.88.50 192.168.88.51 192.168.88.52 [intra] 192.168.10.120 192.168.10.121 ansible all -b -u root -a "hostname" 192.168.88.51 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> k8s-node1 192.168.88.50 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> k8s-master 192.168.88.52 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> k8s-node2 ansible all -m ping
ins on centos use yum
yum install epel-release yum install ansible
配置文件
# 写在自己的home目录 ansible在使用配置文件时按照以下顺序优先配置: export ANSIBLE_CONFIG ./ansible.cfg ~/.ansible.cfg /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg 如果以上顺序没有找到配置文件ansible会自动使用默认配置 关于ansible的配置在/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg文件中,所以关于ansible运行时所使用的ssh配置也可以在此文件中配置。在目前的ansible中,运行ansible时会依次加载 环境变量ANSIBLE_CONFIG,当前目录的ansible.cfg,~/.ansible.cfg,/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg,针对同一个配置项以最先加载到的为准。所以,我们可以单独编写自己的ansible.cfg文件放在当前目录下。 可以去github上把默认配置拿下来: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ansible/ansible/devel/examples/ansible.cfg # To generate an example config file (a "disabled" one with all default settings, commented out): # $ ansible-config init --disabled > ansible.cfg # Also you can now have a more complete file by including existing plugins: # ansible-config init --disabled -t all > ansible.cfg 把它放到/etc/ansible/目录
日常技巧
sudo
没密码的sudo
cat /etc/ansible/agent.yml --- - hosts: all become: yes become_method: sudo remote_user: ops roles: - ag_conf #当然 shell 里面也要写sudo
分组
ansible beta -b -u evan -m shell -a " sudo hostname" 执行ansible-playbook -C /etc/ansible/agent.yml 得在 yml 里面指定 hostip etc
inventory 文件hosts # 非标准的22端口 必须第一列为别外 不然无效哦 January 24 2022 [add] #172.16.0.40 [beta] beta-insurance ansible_host=172.16.0.14 ansible_port=22 [pro] prod-core-mongo ansible_host=172.16.1.40 ansible_port=22 prod-access ansible_host=172.16.1.8 ansible_port=22 prod-insurance-backstage ansible_host=172.16.0.16 ansible_port=22 prod-insurance-crm-mongo ansible_host=172.16.1.37 ansible_port=22 prod-insurance-backstage-count ansible_host=172.16.1.19 ansible_port=22 prod_core ansible_host=172.16.1.9 ansible_port=22 prod_mq ansible_host=172.16.1.12 ansible_port=22 [core] prod_core prod-core-mongo [insure] prod-access prod-insurance-backstage prod-insurance-crm-mongo prod-insurance-backstage-count
run shell
ansible core -b -u evan -m shell -a "sudo ls /home/evan" ansible insure -m shell -a "sudo cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep Permit"
常用参数
-m MODULE_NAME #执行模块的名字,默认使用 command 模块,所以如果是只执行单一命令可以不用 -m参数 -u REMOTE_USER #远程用户,默认为 root 用户
查看列表的命令 -m 要执行的模块,默认为command -a 模块的参数 -u ssh连接的用户名,默认用root,ansible.cfg中可以配置 -C, --check don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some of the changes that may occur
ansible 常用模块
主机连通性测试
ansible web -m ping命令来进行主机连通性测试
command 模块
ansible web -m command -a 'ss -ntl' 命令模块接受命令名称,后面是空格分隔的列表参数。给定的命令将在所有选定的节点上执行。它不会通过shell进行处理,比如$HOME和操作如"<",">","|",";","&" 工作(需要使用(shell)模块实现这些功能)。注意,该命令不支持| 管道命令。 下面来看一看该模块下常用的几个命令: chdir # 在执行命令之前,先切换到该目录 executable # 切换shell来执行命令,需要使用命令的绝对路径 free_form # 要执行的Linux指令,一般使用Ansible的-a参数代替。 creates # 一个文件名,当这个文件存在,则该命令不执行,可以 用来做判断 removes # 一个文件名,这个文件不存在,则该命令不执行
shell 模块
copy 模块
9)service 模块
该模块用于服务程序的管理。 其主要选项如下: arguments #命令行提供额外的参数 enabled #设置开机启动。 name= #服务名称 runlevel #开机启动的级别,一般不用指定。 sleep #在重启服务的过程中,是否等待。如在服务关闭以后等待2秒再启动。(定义在剧本中。) state #有四种状态,分别为:started--->启动服务, stopped--->停止服务, restarted--->重启服务, reloaded--->重载配置 下面是一些例子: ① 开启服务并设置自启动 [root@server ~]# ansible web -m service -a 'name=nginx state=started enabled=true'
12)script 模块
万事先man root@myxps:~# ansible-doc -s script - name: Runs a local script on a remote node after transferring it script: chdir: # Change into this directory on the remote node before running the script. cmd: # Path to the local script to run followed by optional arguments. creates: # A filename on the remote node, when it already exists, this step will *not* be run. decrypt: # This option controls the autodecryption of source files using vault. executable: # Name or path of a executable to invoke the script with. free_form: # Path to the local script file followed by optional arguments. removes: # A filename on the remote node, when it does not exist, this step will *not* be run. [evan@ ansible]$ ansible add -m script -a './1.sh' [evan@ ansible]$ cat 1.sh touch /tmp/byevanjan.log
https://blog.51cto.com/noodle/1769474
stat 模块
ansible sftp -m stat -a "path=/etc/passwd"
firewalld模块
irewalld模块主要设置火墙对服务和端口的允许 参数:ansible-doc -s firewalld查看一下fetch模块的参数` service参数 必须参数,用于指定要允许服务。 state参数 enabled开机启动 permanent参数 true 永久添加 immediate参数 true 立即生效 # firewall-cmd --list-all public target: default icmp-block-inversion: no interfaces: sources: services: dhcpv6-client ssh /etc/ansible# cat fire.yml --- - hosts: 192.168.10.122 gather_facts: true remote_user: root tasks: - name: "firewalld" firewalld: service: http state: enabled permanent: true immediate: yes ansible-playbook -C fire.yml ansible-playbook fire.yml 运行后 结果如下 多了个 http firewall-cmd --list-all public target: default icmp-block-inversion: no interfaces: sources: services: dhcpv6-client http ssh #直接执行 ansible node1 -m firewalld -a 'service=https permanent=yes state=enabled'
ansible配合shell脚本批量编译安装python3.7
https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible
具体安排脚本here https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible/tree/main/ansible4py3.7ins
git clone [email protected]:evan886/my-ansible.git cd ansible4py3.7ins/ 执行playbook 测试 root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook -C python.yml 执行 root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook python.yml
ansible配合shell脚本批量编译安装python3.6.6
ansible配合shell脚本批量安装golang
https://golang.org/doc/install
tree . ├── ansible.cfg ├── go.yml ├── hosts └── roles └── go_install ├── files │ └── go1.17.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz ├── tasks │ ├── copy.yml │ ├── install.yml │ └── main.yml └── templates └── go_install.sh 5 directories, 8 files reload environment variable. 怎么搞 要手工不成 不科学 oot@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible intra -b -u root -a "source /etc/profile" 192.168.10.120 | FAILED | rc=2 >> [Errno 2] 没有那个文件或目录 192.168.10.121 | FAILED | rc=2 >> [Errno 2] 没有那个文件或目录 root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible intra -b -u root -a ". /etc/profile" 192.168.10.121 | FAILED | rc=13 >> [Errno 13] 权限不够 192.168.10.120 | FAILED | rc=13 >> [Errno 13] 权限不够
run
#!/usr/bin/env ansible-playbook 加权限后就可以 ./youfile root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook -C go.yml [WARNING]: ansible.utils.display.initialize_locale has not been called, this may result in incorrectly calculated text widths that can cause Display to print incorrect line lengths PLAY [all] ***************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ***************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.10.121] ok: [192.168.10.120] TASK [go_install : copy go_tgz to client] ********************************************************************** changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] TASK [go_install : copy install_go_script to client] *********************************************************** changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] TASK [go_install : install go] ********************************************************************************* skipping: [192.168.10.120] skipping: [192.168.10.121] PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************** 192.168.10.120 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0 192.168.10.121 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0 root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook go.yml [WARNING]: ansible.utils.display.initialize_locale has not been called, this may result in incorrectly calculated text widths that can cause Display to print incorrect line lengths PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.10.121] ok: [192.168.10.120] TASK [go_install : copy go_tgz to client] *********************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] TASK [go_install : copy install_go_script to client] ************************************************************************************************************************ changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] TASK [go_install : install go] ********************************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 192.168.10.120 : ok=4 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 192.168.10.121 : ok=4 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
ansible sudo 安装配置zbx agent
https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible
#具体脚本 https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible/tree/main/ansible4zbxagent-insconf
ansible sudo 修改ssh配置文件的安全选项
cat modify_sshd.yml --- - hosts: cor #- hosts: all gather_facts: true #remote_user: root become: yes become_method: sudo remote_user: evan tasks: - name: "修改ssh配置文件的安全选项" lineinfile: path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config regexp: '{{ item.regexp }}' line: '{{ item.line }}' state: present with_items: - regexp: "^PasswordAuthentication" line: "PasswordAuthentication no" - regexp: "^#PermitRootLogin yes" line: "PermitRootLogin no" - regexp: "^PermitRootLogin yes" line: "PermitRootLogin no" #- regexp: "^#Port 22" # line: "Port 2249" - regexp: "^GSSAPIAuthentication yes" line: "GSSAPIAuthentication no" notify: - restart sshd handlers: - name: restart sshd service: name: sshd state: restarted 直接 ansible all -b --become-method=su --become-user-root -m shell -a "sed 's/PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config" |grep -E "Root|172.16"
Ansible使用playbook自动化编译安装Nginx
ansible 创建用户
useradd jsxge chown -R jsxge.wheel jsxge echo "123456" | passwd --stdin jsxge
关于sudoers:Ansible:创建具有sudo特权的用户
ansible修改hostname modify_hostname
cat hosts [pro] 172.16.0.8 172.16.0.16 172.16.0.37 172.16.0.19 172.16.0.9 ansible]$ cat modify_hostname.yml --- - name: set hostname hosts: pro #hosts: all become: yes become_method: sudo remote_user: eva gather_facts: false vars: hostnames: - host: 172.16.0.8 name: prod-access - host: 172.16.0.16 name: prod-insurance-backstage - host: 172.16.0.37 name: prod-insurance-crm-mongo - host: 172.16.0.19 name: prod-insurance-backstage-count - host: 172.16.0.9 name: prod-insurance-core tasks: - name: set hostname hostname: name: "{{item.name}}" when: item.host == inventory_hostname loop: "{{hostnames}}"
ansible and shell
分发文件
cat /etc/ansible/hosts [intra] 192.168.10.120 192.168.10.121 ansible intra -m copy -a "src=/home/evan/data/devops/node-v14.17.6-linux-x64.tar.xz dest=/root/" ansible 122 -m copy -a "src=/home/evan/data/devops/jdk/jdk-8u212-linux-x64.rpm dest=/root/"
结合P2P软件使用Ansible分发大文件_神棍之路-程序员宅基地
troubleshooting
TASK [ag_conf : install conig zbx agent] ************************************************************************** fatal: [172.16.0.16]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": "/bin/bash /tmp/i.sh", "delta": "0:00:00.065791", "end": "2021-10-15 10:54:54.896410", "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 127, "start": "2021-10-15 10:54:54.830619", "stderr": "/bin/bash: /tmp/i.sh: 没有那个文件或目录", "stderr_lines": ["/bin/bash: /tmp/i.sh: 没有那个文件或目录"], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []} PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************* 172.16.0.16 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=1 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 忘记main.yml 加上 copy.yml喽
ansible中配置ssh--ssh连接断开时,如何很快获取异常并中断playbook的执行
Playbook
References
别让运维太忙,一文详解 Ansible 的自动化运维,提高工作效率
Jenkins + Ansible 实现 Golang 自动化编译部署
https://github.com/apenella/go-ansible#install
Ansible系列(四):playbook应用和roles自动化批量安装示例
langroot下载 分享Ansible批量安装golang环境