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| − | [[category:devops]] | + | [[category:devops]][[category:ansible]] |
2022年8月18日 (四) 06:56的版本
目录
- 1 进阶
- 2 introduction
- 3 ins
- 4 配置文件
- 5 日常技巧
- 6 Ansible-Playbook之初始化服务器
- 7 ansible配合shell脚本批量编译安装python3.7
- 8 ansible配合shell脚本批量安装golang
- 9 ansible sudo 安装配置docker
- 10 ansible sudo 安装配置zbx agent
- 11 ansible sudo 修改ssh配置文件的安全选项
- 12 Ansible使用playbook自动化编译安装Nginx
- 13 ansible 创建用户
- 14 ansible修改hostname modify_hostname
- 15 ansible and shell
- 16 ansible-galaxy
- 17 分发文件
- 18 troubleshooting
- 19 Playbook
- 20 Galaxy
- 21 References
进阶
ansible playbook初始化系统基础环境，直接就可以用
ansible的安装和操作，并编写一个docker部署的示例
ansible-playbook使用实例（分发文件，执行脚本）
手把手教你在python中运行ansible-playbook
知识总结（17）ansible总结（ansible的优点、架构、工作原理、常用模块、playbook详解）
变量
vars:
key_file: /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.key
play book
- name: copy TLS key
copy: src=files/nginx.key dest={{key_file}} owern=root mode=0600
Chapter 2 inventory
p48
introduction
Ansible是一种IT自动化工具。它可以配置系统，部署软件以及协调更高级的IT任务，例如持续部署，滚动更新。Ansible适用于管理企业IT基础设施，从具有少数主机的小规模到数千个实例的企业环境。Ansible也是一种简单的自动化语言，可以完美地描述IT应用程序基础结构。
ins
https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/installation_guide/index.html
#on master pip3 install --user ansible ssh-copy-id -i id_ecdsa.pub [email protected] ssh-copy-id -i id_ecdsa.pub [email protected] ssh-copy-id -i id_ecdsa.pub [email protected] mkdir /etc/ansible vi /etc/ansible/hosts 192.168.88.50 192.168.88.51 192.168.88.52 [intra] 192.168.10.120 192.168.10.121 ansible all -b -u root -a "hostname" 192.168.88.51 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> k8s-node1 192.168.88.50 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> k8s-master 192.168.88.52 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> k8s-node2 ansible all -m ping
ins on centos use yum
yum install epel-release yum install ansible
配置文件
# 写在自己的home目录 ansible在使用配置文件时按照以下顺序优先配置： export ANSIBLE_CONFIG ./ansible.cfg ~/.ansible.cfg /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg 如果以上顺序没有找到配置文件ansible会自动使用默认配置 关于ansible的配置在/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg文件中，所以关于ansible运行时所使用的ssh配置也可以在此文件中配置。在目前的ansible中，运行ansible时会依次加载 环境变量ANSIBLE_CONFIG，当前目录的ansible.cfg，~/.ansible.cfg，/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg，针对同一个配置项以最先加载到的为准。所以，我们可以单独编写自己的ansible.cfg文件放在当前目录下。 可以去github上把默认配置拿下来： https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ansible/ansible/devel/examples/ansible.cfg # To generate an example config file (a "disabled" one with all default settings, commented out): # $ ansible-config init --disabled > ansible.cfg # Also you can now have a more complete file by including existing plugins: # ansible-config init --disabled -t all > ansible.cfg 把它放到/etc/ansible/目录
日常技巧
sudo
没密码的sudo
cat /etc/ansible/agent.yml
---
- hosts: all
become: yes
become_method: sudo
remote_user: evan
#remote_user: ops
roles:
- ag_conf
#当然 shell 里面也要写sudo
分组
ansible beta -b -u evan -m shell -a " sudo hostname" 执行ansible-playbook -C /etc/ansible/agent.yml 得在 yml 里面指定 hostip etc
inventory 文件hosts # 非标准的22端口 必须第一列为别外 不然无效哦 January 24 2022 [add] #172.16.0.40 [beta] beta-insurance ansible_host=172.16.0.14 ansible_port=22 [pro] prod-core-mongo ansible_host=172.16.1.40 ansible_port=22 prod-access ansible_host=172.16.1.8 ansible_port=22 prod-insurance-backstage ansible_host=172.16.0.16 ansible_port=22 prod-insurance-crm-mongo ansible_host=172.16.1.37 ansible_port=22 prod-insurance-backstage-count ansible_host=172.16.1.19 ansible_port=22 prod_core ansible_host=172.16.1.9 ansible_port=22 prod_mq ansible_host=172.16.1.12 ansible_port=22 [core] prod_core prod-core-mongo [insure] prod-access prod-insurance-backstage prod-insurance-crm-mongo prod-insurance-backstage-count
run shell
ansible core -b -u evan -m shell -a "sudo ls /home/evan" ansible insure -m shell -a "sudo cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep Permit"
常用参数
-m MODULE_NAME #执行模块的名字，默认使用 command 模块，所以如果是只执行单一命令可以不用 -m参数 -u REMOTE_USER #远程用户，默认为 root 用户
查看列表的命令
-m 要执行的模块，默认为command
-a 模块的参数
-u ssh连接的用户名，默认用root，ansible.cfg中可以配置
-C, --check don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some
of the changes that may occur
变量
# 主机和主机组变量(主机变量优先级大于主机组变量)
vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers]
172.16.1.121:22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass='123456' http_port=80
172.16.1.122:22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass='123456'
[webservers:vars]
http_port=8080
server_name=www.baidu.com
实验：
ansible webservers -m command -a "echo {{http_port}}" -o
命令说明：
ansible webservers -m command -a "echo {{http_port}}" -o
ansible：ansible命令
webservers：/etc/ansible/hosts中配置的主机组名称，指定 all (分组和未分组的主机)代表所有主机，指定172.16.1.121代表单台主机。
-m：指定使用的模块，默认是command模块(简单的shell命令)，可以省略不写。
-a：指定具体使用的shell指令，比如"echo {{http_port}}"表示在远程主机上打印http_port这个变量。
-o：对ansible的输出的结果进行压缩(即，输出的结果显示在一行)
shell脚本文件
Friday July twenty-ninth 2022
编写脚本
cat /tmp/mypatch
# 卸载旧版本
yum remove -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
# 安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl
# 将 ${1} 替换为 kubernetes 版本号，例如
v=1.21.12
yum install -y kubelet-${v} kubeadm-${v} kubectl-${v}
crictl config runtime-endpoint /run/containerd/containerd.sock
# 重启 docker，并启动 kubelet
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
脚本copy到其他几台服务器
#执行ansible命令，将脚本copy到其他几台服务器上 ansible myk8s -u root -m copy -a "src=/tmp/mypatch dest=/tmp/mypatch"
每台服务器上执行 你的shell脚本
#执行ansible命令，在每台服务器上执行 你的shell脚本 ansible myk8s -u root -m shell -a "bash /tmp/mypatch chdir=/tmp"
ansible 常用模块
主机连通性测试
ansible web -m ping命令来进行主机连通性测试
command 模块
ansible web -m command -a 'ss -ntl'
命令模块接受命令名称，后面是空格分隔的列表参数。给定的命令将在所有选定的节点上执行。它不会通过shell进行处理，比如$HOME和操作如"<"，">"，"|"，";"，"&" 工作（需要使用（shell）模块实现这些功能）。注意，该命令不支持| 管道命令。
下面来看一看该模块下常用的几个命令：
chdir # 在执行命令之前，先切换到该目录
executable # 切换shell来执行命令，需要使用命令的绝对路径
free_form # 要执行的Linux指令，一般使用Ansible的-a参数代替。
creates # 一个文件名，当这个文件存在，则该命令不执行,可以
用来做判断
removes # 一个文件名，这个文件不存在，则该命令不执行
shell 模块
copy 模块
9）service 模块
该模块用于服务程序的管理。
其主要选项如下：
arguments #命令行提供额外的参数
enabled #设置开机启动。
name= #服务名称
runlevel #开机启动的级别，一般不用指定。
sleep #在重启服务的过程中，是否等待。如在服务关闭以后等待2秒再启动。(定义在剧本中。)
state #有四种状态，分别为：started--->启动服务， stopped--->停止服务， restarted--->重启服务， reloaded--->重载配置
下面是一些例子：
① 开启服务并设置自启动
[root@server ~]# ansible web -m service -a 'name=nginx state=started enabled=true'
12）script 模块 运行sh or py
万事先man
root@myxps:~# ansible-doc -s script
- name: Runs a local script (shell and py etc) on a remote node after transferring it
script:
chdir: # Change into this directory on the remote node before
running the script.
cmd: # Path to the local script to run followed by optional
arguments.
creates: # A filename on the remote node, when it already
exists, this step will
*not* be run.
decrypt: # This option controls the autodecryption of source
files using vault.
executable: # Name or path of a executable to invoke the script
with.
free_form: # Path to the local script file followed by optional
arguments.
removes: # A filename on the remote node, when it does not
exist, this step will
*not* be run.
[evan@ ansible]$ ansible add -m script -a './1.sh'
[evan@ ansible]$ cat 1.sh
touch /tmp/byevanjan.log
py
evan@debian-s-1vcpu-1gb-sfo2-01:~$ ansible ec2 -m script -a ' ./getip.py'
ec2 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "Shared connection to 54.215.65.27 closed.\r\n",
"stderr_lines": [
"Shared connection to 54.215.65.27 closed."
],
"stdout": "54.215.65.27\r\n",
"stdout_lines": [
"54.215.65.27"
]
}
cat getip.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
import requests
print(requests.get('http://ifconfig.me/ip', timeout=1).text.strip())
https://blog.51cto.com/noodle/1769474
stat 模块
ansible sftp -m stat -a "path=/etc/passwd"
firewalld模块
service ： Name of a service to add/remove to/from firewalld.The service must be listed in output of firewall-cmd --get-services.
指定放行的服务，此服务必须要在firewall-cmd --get-services查询的到。
irewalld模块主要设置火墙对服务和端口的允许
参数：ansible-doc -s firewalld查看一下fetch模块的参数`
service参数 必须参数，用于指定要允许服务。
state参数 enabled开机启动
permanent参数 true 永久添加
immediate参数 true 立即生效
# firewall-cmd --list-all
public
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces:
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ssh
/etc/ansible# cat fire.yml
---
- hosts: 192.168.10.122
gather_facts: true
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "firewalld"
firewalld:
service: http
state: enabled
permanent: true
immediate: yes
ansible-playbook -C fire.yml
ansible-playbook fire.yml
运行后 结果如下 多了个 http
firewall-cmd --list-all
public
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces:
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client http ssh
#直接执行
ansible node1 -m firewalld -a 'service=https permanent=yes state=enabled'
ansible node1 -m service -a 'name=firewalld state=restarted'
#建议reload 不要动不动restart
ansible intra -m service -a 'name=firewalld state=reloaded'
ansible intra -m firewalld -a 'port=8081/tcp permanent=yes state=enabled'
ansible 用户批量创建与管理
最笨的办法 明显不是我们要的
ansible intra -m command -a 'useradd appl'
ansible-doc user -s
最好的办法 playbook
/etc/ansible# cat adduser.yml
---
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: 'Create group lai'
group:
name: lai
state: present
- name: create user deployer
user:
name: "{{ item.user }}"
group: "{{ item.user }}"
password: "{{ item.pass|password_hash('sha512') }}"
state: present
update_password: on_create
loop:
- { user: lai , pass: '2240881'}
#密码要用字符
Ansible-Playbook之初始化服务器
init-user init-tools vim task/main.yml - include: user.yml #用户管理 - include: repo.yml #yum源 - include: init_pkg.yml #安装基础组件 - include: profile.yml #环境变量 - include: selinux.yml #selinux - include: dir.yml #基础目录 - include: limits.yml #系统参数 - include: iptables.yml #防火墙 - include: sysctl.yml #内核参数 - include: rc.local.yml #开机启动 - include: dns.yml #dns - include: ntp.yml #ntp - include: rsyslog.yml #日志同步 - include: sshd.yml #ssh优化 - include: safe.yml #安全配置
03 实战 Ansible-Playbook之初始化服务器--有sshd安全相关
https://gitee.com/wanghui1234/ansible_repo
ansible配合shell脚本批量编译安装python3.7
https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible
具体安排脚本here https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible/tree/main/ansible4py3.7ins
git clone [email protected]:evan886/my-ansible.git cd ansible4py3.7ins/ 执行playbook 测试 root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook -C python.yml 执行 root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook python.yml
ansible配合shell脚本批量编译安装python3.6.6
ansible配合shell脚本批量安装golang
https://golang.org/doc/install
tree
.
├── ansible.cfg
├── go.yml
├── hosts
└── roles
└── go_install
├── files
│ └── go1.17.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
├── tasks
│ ├── copy.yml
│ ├── install.yml
│ └── main.yml
└── templates
└── go_install.sh
5 directories, 8 files
reload environment variable. 怎么搞 要手工不成 不科学
oot@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible intra -b -u root -a "source /etc/profile"
192.168.10.120 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
[Errno 2] 没有那个文件或目录
192.168.10.121 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
[Errno 2] 没有那个文件或目录
root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible intra -b -u root -a ". /etc/profile"
192.168.10.121 | FAILED | rc=13 >>
[Errno 13] 权限不够
192.168.10.120 | FAILED | rc=13 >>
[Errno 13] 权限不够
run
#!/usr/bin/env ansible-playbook 加权限后就可以 ./youfile root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook -C go.yml [WARNING]: ansible.utils.display.initialize_locale has not been called, this may result in incorrectly calculated text widths that can cause Display to print incorrect line lengths PLAY [all] ***************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ***************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.10.121] ok: [192.168.10.120] TASK [go_install : copy go_tgz to client] ********************************************************************** changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] TASK [go_install : copy install_go_script to client] *********************************************************** changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] TASK [go_install : install go] ********************************************************************************* skipping: [192.168.10.120] skipping: [192.168.10.121] PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************** 192.168.10.120 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0 192.168.10.121 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0 root@myxps:/etc/ansible# ansible-playbook go.yml [WARNING]: ansible.utils.display.initialize_locale has not been called, this may result in incorrectly calculated text widths that can cause Display to print incorrect line lengths PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.10.121] ok: [192.168.10.120] TASK [go_install : copy go_tgz to client] *********************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] TASK [go_install : copy install_go_script to client] ************************************************************************************************************************ changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] TASK [go_install : install go] ********************************************************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.10.120] changed: [192.168.10.121] PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 192.168.10.120 : ok=4 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 192.168.10.121 : ok=4 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
ansible sudo 安装配置docker
Ansible Galaxy 搜索 dockek 有空要自己写成galaxy
https://www.cnblogs.com/sparkdev/p/9962904.html
直接使用yum
vi install_docker-ce.yml
---
- hosts: docker
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: install yum-utils
yum: name=yum-utils state=present
- name: add docker repo
shell: yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
- name: install docer-ce
yum:
name: docker-ce
state: present
- name: install docker-ce-cli
yum:
name: docker-ce-cli
state: present
- name: install containerd.io
yum:
name: containerd.io
state: present
- name: config mirro
copy: src=~/docker-daemon.json dest=/etc/docker/daemon.json
tags: configmirro
- name: start enable docker
service: name=docker state=started enabled=true
- name: restrat
shell: sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart docker
tags: restart
#mirror配置
cat docker-daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://registry.docker-cn.com",
"http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
]
}
4.运行playbook
ansible-playbook -v install_docker-ce.yml
比较全面的 playbook and roles
https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible/tree/main/sudo-insdocker/ansible
ansible sudo 安装配置zbx agent
https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible
#具体脚本 https://github.com/evan886/my-ansible/tree/main/ansible4zbxagent-insconf
ansible sudo 修改ssh配置文件的安全选项
Attention
如果有 多个 PasswordAuthentication yes 可能不成功 只改了一个为no
cat modify_sshd.yml
---
- hosts: cor
#- hosts: all
gather_facts: true
#remote_user: root
become: yes
become_method: sudo
remote_user: evan
tasks:
- name: "修改ssh配置文件的安全选项"
lineinfile:
path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
regexp: '{{ item.regexp }}'
line: '{{ item.line }}'
state: present
with_items:
- regexp: "^PasswordAuthentication"
line: "PasswordAuthentication no"
- regexp: "^#PermitRootLogin yes"
line: "PermitRootLogin no"
- regexp: "^PermitRootLogin yes"
line: "PermitRootLogin no"
#- regexp: "^#Port 22"
# line: "Port 2249"
- regexp: "^GSSAPIAuthentication yes"
line: "GSSAPIAuthentication no"
notify:
- restart sshd
handlers:
- name: restart sshd
service:
name: sshd
state: restarted
ansible-playbook modify_sshd.yml
直接
ansible all -b --become-method=su --become-user-root -m shell -a "sed 's/PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config" |grep -E "Root|172.16"
2022
cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[one]
192.168.10.122
---
- hosts: one
gather_facts: true
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "修改ssh配置文件的安全选项"
lineinfile:
path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
regexp: '{{ item.regexp }}'
line: '{{ item.line }}'
state: present
with_items:
- regexp: "^PasswordAuthentication"
line: "PasswordAuthentication no"
- regexp: "^#PermitRootLogin"
line: "PermitRootLogin yes"
#- regexp: "^#Port 22"
# line: "Port 2249"
- regexp: "^GSSAPIAuthentication yes"
line: "GSSAPIAuthentication no"
notify:
- restart sshd
handlers:
- name: restart sshd
service:
name: sshd
state: restarted
如果有多个 PasswordAuthentication yes
可能要执行多次 也有可能不成功 注意了
ansible-playbook -C ssh-conf.yml
ansible-playbook ssh-conf.yml
Ansible使用playbook自动化编译安装Nginx
ansible 创建用户
useradd jsxge chown -R jsxge.wheel jsxge echo "123456" | passwd --stdin jsxge
关于sudoers：Ansible：创建具有sudo特权的用户
ansible修改hostname modify_hostname
cat hosts
[pro]
172.16.0.8
172.16.0.16
172.16.0.37
172.16.0.19
172.16.0.9
ansible]$ cat modify_hostname.yml
---
- name: set hostname
hosts: pro
#hosts: all
become: yes
become_method: sudo
remote_user: eva
gather_facts: false
vars:
hostnames:
- host: 172.16.0.8
name: prod-access
- host: 172.16.0.16
name: prod-insurance-backstage
- host: 172.16.0.37
name: prod-insurance-crm-mongo
- host: 172.16.0.19
name: prod-insurance-backstage-count
- host: 172.16.0.9
name: prod-insurance-core
tasks:
- name: set hostname
hostname:
name: "{{item.name}}"
when: item.host == inventory_hostname
loop: "{{hostnames}}"
ansible and shell
ansible-galaxy
ansible-galaxy install docker
ansible-galaxy install geerlingguy.docker #记得国内机器可能要改dns 为8.8.4.4 不然连接github time out
#主要配置文件
root@myxps:~# cat ~/.ansible/roles/geerlingguy.docker/defaults/main.yml
cat pb-docker.yml #安装 docker
- hosts: mydocker
vars:
docker_users:
- root
roles:
- role: geerlingguy.docker
become: yes
ansible-playbook -u root pb_docker.yml
分发文件
cat /etc/ansible/hosts [intra] 192.168.10.120 192.168.10.121 ansible intra -m copy -a "src=/home/evan/data/devops/node-v14.17.6-linux-x64.tar.xz dest=/root/" ansible 122 -m copy -a "src=/home/evan/data/devops/jdk/jdk-8u212-linux-x64.rpm dest=/root/"
结合P2P软件使用Ansible分发大文件_神棍之路-程序员宅基地
troubleshooting
TASK [ag_conf : install conig zbx agent] **************************************************************************
fatal: [172.16.0.16]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": "/bin/bash /tmp/i.sh", "delta": "0:00:00.065791", "end": "2021-10-15 10:54:54.896410", "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 127, "start": "2021-10-15 10:54:54.830619", "stderr": "/bin/bash: /tmp/i.sh: 没有那个文件或目录", "stderr_lines": ["/bin/bash: /tmp/i.sh: 没有那个文件或目录"], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************
172.16.0.16 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=1 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
solution
忘记main.yml 加上 copy.yml喽
普通用户
$ ansible
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/ansible", line 32, in <module>
from ansible import context
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ansible'
evan@myxps:~/data/resume/interview$ pip list | grep ansible
evan@myxps:~/data/resume/interview$ sudo pip list | grep ansible
ansible 4.5.0
ansible-core 2.11.5
ansible中配置ssh--ssh连接断开时，如何很快获取异常并中断playbook的执行
[DEPRECATION WARNING]: "include" is deprecated, use include_tasks/import_tasks instead. This feature will be removed
把你的 tasks/main.yml include 换成 include_tasks/import_tasks 就可以了
Playbook
通过ansible安装中间件（jdk,nginx,mysql,etcd集群）
Galaxy
References
别让运维太忙，一文详解 Ansible 的自动化运维，提高工作效率
Jenkins + Ansible 实现 Golang 自动化编译部署
https://github.com/apenella/go-ansible#install
Ansible系列(四)：playbook应用和roles自动化批量安装示例
langroot下载 分享Ansible批量安装golang环境
Ansible（1）—— Ansible详解及inventory文件配置
