“Freebsd桌面初始化”的版本间的差异
(→用户需知) |
|||
(未显示同一用户的66个中间版本) | |||
第1行: | 第1行: | ||
+ | =home 双硬盘得记得有OS第一启动不然不行的= | ||
+ | 改一下sata线就行了 不用改bioss | ||
+ | |||
+ | =freebsd13 进阶= | ||
+ | [https://www.jianshu.com/p/83b2beab425c freebsd安装后的配置] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [https://blog.csdn.net/cheviko/article/details/17607841 FreeBSD安装各种字体] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [https://github.com/DiscoverBSD/awesome-bsd Awesome BSD] | ||
+ | |||
+ | FreeBSD关机和重启命令 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 立即关机,但是不关闭电源: | ||
+ | shutdown -h now | ||
+ | |||
+ | 立即关机,并且关闭电源: | ||
+ | shutdown -p now | ||
+ | |||
+ | 重启命令 or reboot | ||
+ | shutdown -r now | ||
+ | |||
=用户需知= | =用户需知= | ||
− | 因此对于FreeBSD用户,需要根据情况选择使用不同的版本。对于正式使用,应该选择stable版本,而对于进行学习、研究、开发FreeBSD,可以考虑使用current版本。 | + | |
+ | Absolute BSD | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 因此对于FreeBSD用户,需要根据情况选择使用不同的版本。对于正式使用,应该选择stable版本,而对于进行学习、研究、开发FreeBSD,可以考虑使用current版本。 是么 | ||
如何升级 current版本呢 | 如何升级 current版本呢 | ||
第14行: | 第43行: | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
Tip: | Tip: | ||
− | #xps上写入U盘 | + | #xps上写入U盘 |
+ | |||
+ | 如果U盘子是PE 不能DD 只能 rufus etc | ||
sudo dd if=FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img of=/dev/sda bs=1M conv=sync | sudo dd if=FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img of=/dev/sda bs=1M conv=sync | ||
+ | |||
+ | https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/13.0/FreeBSD-13.0-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img | ||
https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/releases/ISO-IMAGES/12.2/FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img | https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/releases/ISO-IMAGES/12.2/FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img | ||
第60行: | 第93行: | ||
[https://forums.internetfreedom.org/index.php?topic=29988.0 FuryBSD 12.1 简体中文(汉化)桌面,启用 ipfw 防火墙,简体中文输入法设置方法,] | [https://forums.internetfreedom.org/index.php?topic=29988.0 FuryBSD 12.1 简体中文(汉化)桌面,启用 ipfw 防火墙,简体中文输入法设置方法,] | ||
+ | =os install= | ||
+ | [[安装freebsd]] | ||
=双系统= | =双系统= | ||
− | + | <pre> | |
+ | grub引导freebsd: | ||
− | + | grub2建议不要手工修改启动菜单/boot/grub2/grub.cfg,而是 | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | 修改/etc/grub.d/及/etc/default/grub后,通过命令grub2-mkconfig来生成。命令如下: | |
− | + | sudo nano /etc/grub.d/40_custom,写入: | |
− | + | menuentry 'freebsd'{ | |
+ | insmod ufs2 | ||
− | + | set root='hd1,msdos1' | |
− | + | kfreebsd /boot/loader | |
− | |||
− | <pre> | + | } |
+ | |||
+ | (我是安装freebsd在第二块硬盘的第一主分区(dev/sdb1),hd1,msdos1,如果安装在第一快硬盘的第一主分区(dev/sda1),应写作,hd0,msdos1,如果第二快硬盘的第一逻辑分区(dev/sdb5),应为,hd1,msdos5,第一硬盘的第一逻辑分区(dev/sda5),应为hd0,msdos5,应为逻辑分区从5开始命名,主分区命名为从1到4) | ||
+ | |||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGPvt3pQfaw Install FreeBSD 10 in UEFI Mode (Dual Boot Windows 8/8.1/10)] | ||
+ | |||
+ | https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/REFInd_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87) | ||
+ | |||
+ | =freebsd12 on elitebook 问题 后来解决了2020= | ||
+ | U盘子 delete-> f9->USB - | ||
+ | 1. 中文输入法老是调不出来 无论是fcitx ibus scim | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. lxqt 界面 会假死,虽然在远程还可以ssh | ||
+ | |||
+ | =laptop= | ||
+ | |||
+ | https://wiki.freebsd.org/Laptops | ||
+ | |||
+ | =furybsd停止了啦= | ||
+ | |||
+ | login gropu is evan wheel | ||
+ | |||
+ | =nomadbsd= | ||
+ | https://nomadbsd.org/download.html | ||
+ | |||
+ | <pre> | ||
Linux | Linux | ||
第126行: | 第185行: | ||
如果要使用滚动更新的 latest 仓库,把 url 配置最后的 quarterly 换成 latest 即可。 修改配置后,运行 pkg update -f 更新索引。 | 如果要使用滚动更新的 latest 仓库,把 url 配置最后的 quarterly 换成 latest 即可。 修改配置后,运行 pkg update -f 更新索引。 | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | =更新= | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | 更新。FreeBSD和Linux中更新的不同之处在于,内核和软件包是分开更新的, | ||
+ | 内核使用 freebsd-update 更新, | ||
+ | 而软件包使用 pkg upgrade 更新。 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 常用命令。 | ||
+ | 安装软件:sudo pkg install xxx | ||
+ | 安装本地包:sudo pkg add ./xxx | ||
+ | 列出安装的包:sudo pkg info | ||
+ | 列出设备:sudo pciconf -l | ||
+ | 列出内核模块:sudo kldstat | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
第137行: | 第209行: | ||
===字体 === | ===字体 === | ||
− | <pre>cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/wqy | + | <pre> |
+ | |||
+ | pkg install -y wqy-fonts | ||
+ | #下面这个不要用了 | ||
+ | cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/wqy | ||
make install clean | make install clean | ||
− | #没有字体 显示中文时为乱码 | + | #没有字体 显示中文时为乱码 elemtry os 那个什么 open 开头的字体好好看 |
编辑/usr/local/etc/fonts/conf.d/85-wqy.conf这个文件,找到下面这两行( 现在不是这二行了 应该在第99、100行): | 编辑/usr/local/etc/fonts/conf.d/85-wqy.conf这个文件,找到下面这两行( 现在不是这二行了 应该在第99、100行): | ||
第156行: | 第232行: | ||
===xorg GUI 开始 === | ===xorg GUI 开始 === | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
− | yes |pkg install xorg | + | pkg install -y xorg |
+ | #yes |pkg install xorg | ||
− | + | pkg install xf86-video-intel | |
− | pkg install xf86-video- | + | pkg install -y xrandr |
− | |||
− | pkg install xrandr | ||
/etc/rc.conf | /etc/rc.conf | ||
第167行: | 第242行: | ||
dbus_enable="YES" | dbus_enable="YES" | ||
− | + | #pkg install gdm # gnome3-lite #gnome3 有点显卡闪屏 2021年依然如此 还是 xfce好 | |
− | pkg install gdm # gnome3-lite #gnome3 有点显卡闪屏 | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
+ | [https://freebsdfoundation.org/freebsd-project/resources/installing-a-desktop-environment-on-freebsd/ Installing a Desktop Environment on FreeBSD] | ||
+ | ===lightdm=== | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | sysrc lightdm_enable="YES" | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | freebsd-update -r 13.2-RELEASE upgrade | ||
+ | reboot | ||
+ | 188 0:04 history | ||
+ | 189 0:04 /usr/sbin/freebsd-update install | ||
+ | |||
+ | </pre> | ||
===slim=== | ===slim=== | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
第204行: | 第290行: | ||
exec awesome | exec awesome | ||
+ | exec xfce4-session | ||
exec dwm | exec dwm | ||
exec startfluxbox | exec startfluxbox | ||
第219行: | 第306行: | ||
https://www.c0ffee.net/blog/freebsd-on-a-laptop/#slim | https://www.c0ffee.net/blog/freebsd-on-a-laptop/#slim | ||
− | ===xfce === | + | ===xfce 2021 === |
<pre> | <pre> | ||
− | pkg install xfce | + | 但是会卡 现在上i3 |
+ | |||
+ | i3 lightdm-gtk-greeter lightdm | ||
+ | lightdm_enable="YES" | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | pkg install -y xorg | ||
+ | |||
+ | pkg install -y graphics/drm-kmod xfce slim | ||
+ | |||
+ | pkg install -y libva-intel-driver # (intel高清解码器) | ||
+ | |||
+ | pkg install -y xf86-video-intel #(intel开源程序) | ||
+ | pkg install -y v2ray | ||
+ | # v2ray_enable="YES" | ||
+ | |||
cat .xinitrc | cat .xinitrc | ||
第233行: | 第335行: | ||
#fcitx & | #fcitx & | ||
+ | #注意了 这个 YES 前后不能空格 eg " YES" | ||
cat /etc/rc.conf | cat /etc/rc.conf | ||
hostname="bsdelite.linuxsa.org" | hostname="bsdelite.linuxsa.org" | ||
第242行: | 第345行: | ||
# Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable | # Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable | ||
dumpdev="AUTO" | dumpdev="AUTO" | ||
+ | |||
+ | #这个在安装时要选择 | ||
+ | moused_enable=" YES" | ||
ifconfig_em0="DHCP" | ifconfig_em0="DHCP" | ||
slim_enable="yes" | slim_enable="yes" | ||
+ | kld_list="i915kms" | ||
+ | |||
defaultrouter="192.168.10.1" | defaultrouter="192.168.10.1" | ||
+ | |||
+ | vim .xinitrc | ||
+ | exec xfce4-session | ||
+ | |||
+ | init 6 #reboot os | ||
fcitx wubi 在xfce 是成功的 | fcitx wubi 在xfce 是成功的 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | #drm解说 | ||
+ | 具体设置请看https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics)(drm-kmod包含了intel和ati驱动),我是集成显卡,所以用intel驱动 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | slim | ||
+ | |||
+ | Alternatively, just put the following entry in /etc/rc.conf: | ||
+ | |||
+ | slim_enable=yes | ||
+ | |||
+ | *** Option "sessions" is no longer supported. *** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now you need to put session files in the directory specified by option | ||
+ | "sessiondir". They should be xdg-style .desktop files. | ||
+ | |||
+ | WARNING: the default behaviour in parsing .xinitrc file has changed! | ||
+ | You can now set a default xsession as described here: | ||
+ | https://github.com/iwamatsu/slim/pull/1 | ||
+ | You can turn back to random xsession selection by compiling | ||
+ | this port without the option XDEFAULT. | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
+ | 这参考 居然好过官方 厉害了 | ||
+ | |||
+ | https://www.linuxhelp.com/how-to-install-xfce-desktop-in-freebsd | ||
===lxqt === | ===lxqt === | ||
第257行: | 第397行: | ||
===awesome=== | ===awesome=== | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
− | pkg install awesome | + | pkg install -y awesome |
# cp /usr/local/etc/xdg/awesome/rc.lua .config/awesome/ #这个不要,我们后面会操作的 在配置里面 | # cp /usr/local/etc/xdg/awesome/rc.lua .config/awesome/ #这个不要,我们后面会操作的 在配置里面 | ||
echo "exec awesome" >> .xinitrc | echo "exec awesome" >> .xinitrc | ||
第265行: | 第405行: | ||
===gnome=== | ===gnome=== | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
+ | #注意 这个用起来还是有点卡 ,虽然我是16G RAM , xfce4 就不会 Mon May 3 13:41:20 CST 2021 | ||
pkg install gnome3 vlc | pkg install gnome3 vlc | ||
pkg install gnome-desktop gdm xorg gnome3 | pkg install gnome-desktop gdm xorg gnome3 | ||
第463行: | 第604行: | ||
===pkg 源更新和系统更新=== | ===pkg 源更新和系统更新=== | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
+ | 很多时候你不得不更新,不然安装了新软件后,就各种问题 dm卡死什么的 | ||
+ | |||
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/ | mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | #直接换成官方 | ||
+ | Unable to update repository FreeBSD | ||
+ | |||
+ | mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos | ||
+ | echo 'FreeBSD: { url: "pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/${ABI}/latest" }' > /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf | ||
+ | pkg update -f | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
sudo pkg install security/ca_root_nss | sudo pkg install security/ca_root_nss | ||
第472行: | 第624行: | ||
} | } | ||
+ | # Apr 2024 will upgrade it to FreeBSD 13.2 | ||
+ | freebsd-update -r 13.2-RELEASE upgrade | ||
+ | /usr/sbin/freebsd-update install | ||
+ | reboot | ||
+ | /usr/sbin/freebsd-update install | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | #Dec 10 2022 will upgrade it to FreeBSD 13.1 | ||
+ | freebsd-update -r 13.1-RELEASE upgrade | ||
第481行: | 第642行: | ||
#系统更新 | #系统更新 | ||
pkg upgrade | pkg upgrade | ||
+ | |||
+ | # 有这个问题 用上面的 pkg upgrade 以后少点升级 | ||
+ | version FBSD_1.7 required by /usr/local/lib/libpython3.9.so.1.0 | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#updating-upgrading-synopsis | ||
[https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.1R/installation.html FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE Installation Instructions] | [https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.1R/installation.html FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE Installation Instructions] | ||
第593行: | 第759行: | ||
[https://www.zhihu.com/question/264793642 怎么看待FreeBSD官方对镜像站的封闭管理] | [https://www.zhihu.com/question/264793642 怎么看待FreeBSD官方对镜像站的封闭管理] | ||
− | =20190808 new add= | + | = april 30 2021 20190808 new add= |
<pre> | <pre> | ||
+ | #汉化不完整,xfce里面有点有汉的 | ||
+ | pkg install graphics/drm-kmod | ||
+ | |||
+ | cat /etc/rc.conf | ||
+ | hostname="bsdpc" | ||
+ | ifconfig_re0="DHCP" | ||
+ | sshd_enable="YES" | ||
+ | # Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable | ||
+ | dumpdev="AUTO" | ||
+ | hald_enable="YES" | ||
+ | dbus_enable="YES" | ||
+ | moused_enable="YES" | ||
+ | slim_enable="yes" | ||
+ | kld_list="i915kms" | ||
+ | |||
+ | #不然 Cannot run in framebuffer mode. Please specify busIDs | ||
+ | |||
root@freebsd:/home/evan # cat /etc/fstab | root@freebsd:/home/evan # cat /etc/fstab | ||
# Custom /etc/fstab for FreeBSD VM images | # Custom /etc/fstab for FreeBSD VM images | ||
第631行: | 第814行: | ||
添加 新硬盘 这个会出错 只有在安装时就两个硬盘 并分区就没事 | 添加 新硬盘 这个会出错 只有在安装时就两个硬盘 并分区就没事 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 参考官方是最好的 2021 | ||
+ | https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/bsdinstall/#using-bsdinstall | ||
第791行: | 第977行: | ||
https://blog.csdn.net/lanzh_syf/article/details/86599445 | https://blog.csdn.net/lanzh_syf/article/details/86599445 | ||
− | ===输入法=== | + | ===输入法 2021 特别好看在xfce=== |
==== install ==== | ==== install ==== | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
第831行: | 第1,017行: | ||
setenv LC_ALL zh_CN.UTF-8 | setenv LC_ALL zh_CN.UTF-8 | ||
− | # evan 4 fcitx | + | # evan 4 fcitx 家目录下的.profile中加入 有人写 这里的 |
setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx | setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx | ||
setenv GTK_IM_MODULE fcitx | setenv GTK_IM_MODULE fcitx | ||
setenv QT_IM_MODULE fcitx | setenv QT_IM_MODULE fcitx | ||
+ | export GTK3_IM_MODULE=fcitx | ||
setenv XIM=fcitx | setenv XIM=fcitx | ||
第936行: | 第1,123行: | ||
#dig | #dig | ||
pkg install dns/bind-tools | pkg install dns/bind-tools | ||
+ | run one of these commands: | ||
+ | sudo pkg install devel/py-pip | ||
+ | sudo pkg install py39-pip | ||
− | |||
sudo pip install ipython | sudo pip install ipython | ||
+ | |||
+ | # #sudo pkg install py37-pip | ||
evan@bsd-latop:~/lx/zabbix/api_zbx % sudo pkg search urllib3 | evan@bsd-latop:~/lx/zabbix/api_zbx % sudo pkg search urllib3 | ||
第1,035行: | 第1,226行: | ||
==rednotebook== | ==rednotebook== | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo pkg install deskutils/rednotebook | ||
下载 src https://rednotebook.sourceforge.io/downloads.html | 下载 src https://rednotebook.sourceforge.io/downloads.html | ||
第1,087行: | 第1,280行: | ||
== 影音== | == 影音== | ||
− | <pre>pkg install -y celluloid vlc audacious audacious-skins multimedia/audacious-plugins archivers/unzip mplayer smplayer gnome-mplayer qmmp </pre> | + | [https://freebsdfoundation.org/freebsd-project/resources/audio-on-freebsd/ Audio on FreeBSD – Quick Guide] |
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <pre>pkg install -y celluloid vlc audacious audacious-skins multimedia/audacious-plugins archivers/unzip mplayer smplayer gnome-mplayer qmmp audio/audacity | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
===audacious-skins=== | ===audacious-skins=== | ||
https://pakeklinux.wordpress.com/2010/11/17/the-best-audacious-skin-that-i-know/ | https://pakeklinux.wordpress.com/2010/11/17/the-best-audacious-skin-that-i-know/ | ||
第1,186行: | 第1,383行: | ||
==remmina== | ==remmina== | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
− | pkg install remmina | + | pkg install -y remmina |
#默认没有rdp 等协议 | #默认没有rdp 等协议 | ||
To install the port: cd /usr/ports/net/remmina-plugins/ && make install clean | To install the port: cd /usr/ports/net/remmina-plugins/ && make install clean | ||
第1,194行: | 第1,391行: | ||
https://www.freshports.org/net/remmina-plugins/ | https://www.freshports.org/net/remmina-plugins/ | ||
+ | |||
==网络管理工具== | ==网络管理工具== | ||
<pre> networkmgr | <pre> networkmgr | ||
第1,220行: | 第1,418行: | ||
==启动器== | ==启动器== | ||
+ | pkg install -y rofi #这个就好 其它不要了 不好用 不高级 哈哈 | ||
synapse | synapse | ||
− | + | ||
gmrun # 配置文件 cat /etc/gmrunrc | gmrun # 配置文件 cat /etc/gmrunrc | ||
第1,265行: | 第1,464行: | ||
==虚拟化 == | ==虚拟化 == | ||
<pre>#FreeBSD as a Host with VirtualBox | <pre>#FreeBSD as a Host with VirtualBox | ||
− | sudo pkg | + | sudo pkg instal -yl emulators/virtualbox-ose |
第1,276行: | 第1,475行: | ||
#现在是这样启动的 | #现在是这样启动的 | ||
sudo virtualbox | sudo virtualbox | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
+ | ===== | ||
+ | Message from virtualbox-ose-6.1.18: | ||
+ | |||
+ | -- | ||
VirtualBox was installed. | VirtualBox was installed. | ||
第1,311行: | 第1,508行: | ||
For USB support your user needs to be in the operator group and needs read | For USB support your user needs to be in the operator group and needs read | ||
− | |||
and write permissions to the USB device. | and write permissions to the USB device. | ||
第1,335行: | 第1,531行: | ||
Running VirtualBox as non-root user may fail with a fatal error | Running VirtualBox as non-root user may fail with a fatal error | ||
NS_ERROR_FACTORY_NOT_REGISTERED. In this case delete /tmp/.vbox-*-ipc file. | NS_ERROR_FACTORY_NOT_REGISTERED. In this case delete /tmp/.vbox-*-ipc file. | ||
+ | |||
If you experience "Network: write Failed: Cannot allocate memory" errors | If you experience "Network: write Failed: Cannot allocate memory" errors | ||
try to increase net.graph.maxdata in /boot/loader.conf | try to increase net.graph.maxdata in /boot/loader.conf | ||
第1,348行: | 第1,545行: | ||
http://wiki.freebsd.org/VirtualBox | http://wiki.freebsd.org/VirtualBox | ||
− | |||
− | </pre> | + | </pre> |
− | + | ===virtualbox err=== | |
+ | win10 debian10 安装错误 installation step failed | ||
− | + | ===note=== | |
− | + | <pre> | |
+ | ============================================================================= | ||
− | + | VirtualBox was installed. | |
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+ | You need to load the vboxdrv kernel module via /boot/loader.conf: | ||
+ | |||
+ | vboxdrv_load="YES" | ||
+ | |||
+ | You also have to add all users to your vboxusers group in order to use vbox. | ||
+ | |||
+ | % pw groupmod vboxusers -m jerry | ||
+ | |||
+ | Reboot the machine to load the needed kernel modules. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Bridging Support: | ||
+ | ================= | ||
+ | |||
+ | For bridged networking please add the following line to your /etc/rc.conf: | ||
+ | |||
+ | vboxnet_enable="YES" | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | USB Support: | ||
+ | ============ | ||
+ | |||
+ | For USB support your user needs to be in the operator group and needs read | ||
+ | |||
+ | and write permissions to the USB device. | ||
+ | |||
+ | % pw groupmod operator -m jerry | ||
+ | |||
+ | Add the following to /etc/devfs.rules (create if it doesn't exist): | ||
+ | |||
+ | [system=10] | ||
+ | add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator | ||
+ | |||
+ | To load these new rule add the following to /etc/rc.conf: | ||
+ | |||
+ | devfs_system_ruleset="system" | ||
+ | |||
+ | Then restart devfs to load the new rules: | ||
+ | |||
+ | % /etc/rc.d/devfs restart | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Troubleshooting: | ||
+ | ================ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Running VirtualBox as non-root user may fail with a fatal error | ||
+ | NS_ERROR_FACTORY_NOT_REGISTERED. In this case delete /tmp/.vbox-*-ipc file. | ||
+ | If you experience "Network: write Failed: Cannot allocate memory" errors | ||
+ | try to increase net.graph.maxdata in /boot/loader.conf | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you are using AIO, then increase these limits (PR#168298): | ||
+ | vfs.aio.max_buf_aio=8192 | ||
+ | vfs.aio.max_aio_queue_per_proc=65536 | ||
+ | vfs.aio.max_aio_per_proc=8192 | ||
+ | vfs.aio.max_aio_queue=65536 | ||
+ | To check if AIO is used use: kldstat -v | grep aio | ||
+ | |||
+ | Check wiki page for known issues and troubleshooting: | ||
+ | http://wiki.freebsd.org/VirtualBox | ||
+ | |||
+ | Please report any problems to emulation@. Thanks! | ||
+ | |||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/virtualization-host-virtualbox.html | ||
+ | |||
+ | https://wiki.freebsd.org/VirtualBox | ||
+ | |||
+ | [https://blog.csdn.net/flymyd/article/details/76399861 FREENAS虚拟机Jails配置全攻略(多篇集合)] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == 连接win客户端== | ||
+ | === rdesktop=== | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | pkg -y install rdesktop | ||
+ | pkg -y install tsclient | ||
+ | |||
+ | rdesktop是基于命令行的工具,tsclient只是一个图形化的界面,依赖于rdesktop | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | === remmmina=== | ||
+ | ==[[远程桌面工具]]== | ||
+ | |||
+ | == CAD == | ||
+ | sudo pkg install freecad #0.18 | ||
+ | == email== | ||
+ | ===thunderbird=== | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | 201912 现在 打开会100cpu | ||
+ | composition—> language —Download more 就可以下载中文了 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Advanced language 选择chinese | ||
+ | |||
+ | 代理配置 | ||
+ | 高级 —网络 —连接 | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | [https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/cdddd41cac326353cb00e129.html Thunderbird设置IRC聊天] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Thunderbird]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==server == | ||
+ | ===redis=== | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | #redis 3.x compli | ||
+ | gmaek -j2 && sudo gmake install | ||
+ | |||
+ | /usr/local/bin/redis-server | ||
+ | |||
+ | #自启动 | ||
+ | cat /etc/rc.local | ||
+ | /usr/local/bin/redis-server > /dev/null | ||
+ | |||
+ | #这个不行 Ambiguous output redirect | ||
+ | /usr/local/bin/redis-server > /dev/null 2 > &1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | or | ||
+ | /usr/local/etc/rc.d下面放你的脚本 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | cd /usr/ports/databases/redis | ||
+ | make | ||
+ | /usr/local/etc/rc.d/redis start | ||
+ | /usr/local/bin/redis-cli | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
第1,467行: | 第1,737行: | ||
== 截图== | == 截图== | ||
===flameshot=== | ===flameshot=== | ||
− | <pre>pkg install flameshot | + | <pre>pkg install -y flameshot |
#conf | #conf | ||
第1,481行: | 第1,751行: | ||
uget | uget | ||
− | == | + | ==图形图片查看== |
− | gimp screenfetch | + | gimp ristretto screenfetch |
==development ide== | ==development ide== | ||
第1,764行: | 第2,034行: | ||
在bsd上直接叫 md5 linux上是md5sum | 在bsd上直接叫 md5 linux上是md5sum | ||
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+11.1-RELEASE&arch=default&format=html | https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+11.1-RELEASE&arch=default&format=html | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==firewall== | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | 防火墙。Linux中使用iptables来做防火墙,不过那个太复杂了,我一般使用 ufw。 FreeBSD中可以使用 ipfw 来管理防火墙,它的用法和ufw差不多: | ||
+ | |||
+ | $ ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $ext_if | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
=优化= | =优化= | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
第1,867行: | 第2,145行: | ||
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/384396/terminator-fails-to-start-in-i686-dbus-issue-in-python | https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/384396/terminator-fails-to-start-in-i686-dbus-issue-in-python | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==图形界面失败Cannot run in framebuffer mode. Please specify busIDs == | ||
+ | [https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/cannot-run-in-framebuffer-mode-please-specify-busids.73592/ Solved Cannot run in framebuffer mode. Please specify busIDs] | ||
+ | |||
+ | https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/cannot-run-in-framebuffer-mode-please-specify-busids.74546/ | ||
=zfs nas= | =zfs nas= | ||
第1,884行: | 第2,167行: | ||
=see also= | =see also= | ||
www.midnightbsd.org | www.midnightbsd.org | ||
+ | |||
+ | https://vermaden.wordpress.com/freebsd-desktop/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | https://github.com/FreeBSD-Ask/FreeBSD-Ask | ||
[http://www.chinafreebsd.cn/article/59da60970cb81 FreeBSD系统配置 chinafreebsd] | [http://www.chinafreebsd.cn/article/59da60970cb81 FreeBSD系统配置 chinafreebsd] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [https://www.cnblogs.com/mocuishle/p/15582173.html FreeBSD-13.0桌面配置(xfce)] | ||
[https://linuxtoy.org/pages/download.html Linux 相关资料] | [https://linuxtoy.org/pages/download.html Linux 相关资料] | ||
第1,930行: | 第2,219行: | ||
[https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30814319/article/details/97236112#sec-20 fvwm 下相关软件] | [https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30814319/article/details/97236112#sec-20 fvwm 下相关软件] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/87544910 给Linux用户的FreeBSD快速指南] | ||
[[category:freebsd]] | [[category:freebsd]] |
2024年5月1日 (三) 15:44的最新版本
目录
- 1 home 双硬盘得记得有OS第一启动不然不行的
- 2 freebsd13 进阶
- 3 用户需知
- 4 os install
- 5 双系统
- 6 freebsd12 on elitebook 问题 后来解决了2020
- 7 laptop
- 8 furybsd停止了啦
- 9 nomadbsd
- 10 pre-configure
- 11 更新
- 12 configure start
- 13 april 30 2021 20190808 new add
- 14 applications
- 14.1 终端
- 14.2 healthLinux 下的护眼软件
- 14.3 rednotebook
- 14.4 ss
- 14.5 Document Viewers
- 14.6 IM
- 14.7 影音
- 14.8 ftp
- 14.9 Browsers
- 14.10 remmina
- 14.11 网络管理工具
- 14.12 启动器
- 14.13 文件管理器
- 14.14 edit
- 14.15 USB 镜像写入器
- 14.16 svn
- 14.17 office
- 14.18 虚拟化
- 14.19 连接win客户端
- 14.20 远程桌面工具
- 14.21 CAD
- 14.22 email
- 14.23 server
- 14.24 截图
- 14.25 下载
- 14.26 图形图片查看
- 14.27 development ide
- 14.28 mysql
- 14.29 视频编辑
- 14.30 有用的
- 14.31 old输入法
- 15 ops
- 16 优化
- 17 Troubleshooting
- 18 zfs nas
- 19 see also
home 双硬盘得记得有OS第一启动不然不行的
改一下sata线就行了 不用改bioss
freebsd13 进阶
FreeBSD关机和重启命令
立即关机,但是不关闭电源:
shutdown -h now
立即关机,并且关闭电源:
shutdown -p now
重启命令 or reboot
shutdown -r now
用户需知
Absolute BSD
因此对于FreeBSD用户,需要根据情况选择使用不同的版本。对于正式使用,应该选择stable版本,而对于进行学习、研究、开发FreeBSD,可以考虑使用current版本。 是么
如何升级 current版本呢
FreeBSD 12.2-RELEASE Installation Instructions
Tip: #xps上写入U盘 如果U盘子是PE 不能DD 只能 rufus etc sudo dd if=FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img of=/dev/sda bs=1M conv=sync https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/13.0/FreeBSD-13.0-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/releases/ISO-IMAGES/12.2/FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img 注意 wget -c https://mirrors.aliyun.com/freebsd/releases/ISO-IMAGES/12.2/FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img.xz && xz -d FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img.xz 这次 sha512sum FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img 才是对的 一开始下载的 img文件校验不对 注意国内的下载 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/freebsd/releases/ISO-IMAGES/12.2/ #写入U盘 dd if=/path/to/downloaded.iso of=/dev/rdiskN bs=1m Invite evan into other groups? wheel FreeBSD12 如果是有兴趣,要有进步的 直接上freebsd [https://www.v2ex.com/t/460137 freebsd 有这么强悍呢?能做什么呢] 今天在家成功安装了freebsd12 并连上wifi freebsd11连不上 现在双硬盘也是成功的 1t 作为了home 昨天的安装好了 再mount硬盘居然是不行的,一开机就死了了,不过现在是GPT加bios 兼容模式 gnome3 to leav xfce is good for use 桌面用户如何? 家里不用理 带个 freebsd latop 上班就行了 这几天更新firefox 70 失败 用port 居然有很多软件消失了 ,例如 fcitx-qt5 liboffice
Note: Users who prefer to install FreeBSD using a graphical installer may be interested in FuryBSD, GhostBSD or MidnightBSD.
整个项目全挂了 202011.1 如果你读过我的TrueOS 评论并且有兴趣尝试使用桌面 BSD 或已经使用 TrueOS,请不要担心(这对于生活来说也是一个很好的建议)。TrueOS 的所有桌面元素都将剥离到 Project Trident。目前,Project Trident 网站的细节不多。他们仿佛还在进行剥离的幕后工作。 如果你目前拥有 TrueOS,则无需担心迁移。TrueOS 团队表示,“对于那些希望迁移到其他基于 FreeBSD 的发行版,如 Project Trident 或 GhostBSD 的人而言将会有迁移方式。 TrueOS不再想要成为“桌面 BSD”了
TW的文档是新式,天朝的太老了
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/index.html
FuryBSD 12.1 简体中文(汉化)桌面,启用 ipfw 防火墙,简体中文输入法设置方法,
os install
双系统
grub引导freebsd: grub2建议不要手工修改启动菜单/boot/grub2/grub.cfg,而是 修改/etc/grub.d/及/etc/default/grub后,通过命令grub2-mkconfig来生成。命令如下: sudo nano /etc/grub.d/40_custom,写入: menuentry 'freebsd'{ insmod ufs2 set root='hd1,msdos1' kfreebsd /boot/loader } (我是安装freebsd在第二块硬盘的第一主分区(dev/sdb1),hd1,msdos1,如果安装在第一快硬盘的第一主分区(dev/sda1),应写作,hd0,msdos1,如果第二快硬盘的第一逻辑分区(dev/sdb5),应为,hd1,msdos5,第一硬盘的第一逻辑分区(dev/sda5),应为hd0,msdos5,应为逻辑分区从5开始命名,主分区命名为从1到4)
Install FreeBSD 10 in UEFI Mode (Dual Boot Windows 8/8.1/10)
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/REFInd_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)
freebsd12 on elitebook 问题 后来解决了2020
U盘子 delete-> f9->USB -
1. 中文输入法老是调不出来 无论是fcitx ibus scim
2. lxqt 界面 会假死,虽然在远程还可以ssh
laptop
https://wiki.freebsd.org/Laptops
furybsd停止了啦
login gropu is evan wheel
nomadbsd
https://nomadbsd.org/download.html
Linux # lzma -d nomadbsd-x.y.z.img.lzma # dd bs=1M if=nomadbsd-x.y.z.img of=/dev/sdX conv=fsync or # xzcat nomadbsd-x.y.z.img.lzma | dd of=/dev/sdX bs=1M FreeBSD # lzma -d nomadbsd-x.y.z.img.lzma # dd if=nomadbsd-x.y.z.img of=/dev/daX bs=1m or # xzcat nomadbsd-x.y.z.img.lzma | dd of=/dev/daX bs=1m Installing Linux® packages Before you can install Linux® packages it is necessary to enable Linux® binary compatibility. Let's say you want to install linux-sublime you can proceed as follows: # kldload linux # sysrc linux_enable=YES # pkg install linux-sublime
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/linuxemu-lbc-install.html
pre-configure
Pkg源地址更换为USTC: 官方源配置是 /etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf ,请先检查该文件内容。注意其中的 url 参数配置了官方仓库的地址,我们需要把它替换为镜像站的地址。 该配置文件是 FreeBSD 基本系统的一部分,会随着 freebsd-update 更新,请不要直接修改,而是创建 /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf 覆盖配置,文件内容如下: FreeBSD: { url: "pkg+http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-pkg/${ABI}/quarterly", } 如果要使用滚动更新的 latest 仓库,把 url 配置最后的 quarterly 换成 latest 即可。 修改配置后,运行 pkg update -f 更新索引。
更新
更新。FreeBSD和Linux中更新的不同之处在于,内核和软件包是分开更新的, 内核使用 freebsd-update 更新, 而软件包使用 pkg upgrade 更新。 常用命令。 安装软件:sudo pkg install xxx 安装本地包:sudo pkg add ./xxx 列出安装的包:sudo pkg info 列出设备:sudo pciconf -l 列出内核模块:sudo kldstat
configure start
0基本系统已安装 没有gui
字体
pkg install -y wqy-fonts #下面这个不要用了 cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/wqy make install clean #没有字体 显示中文时为乱码 elemtry os 那个什么 open 开头的字体好好看 编辑/usr/local/etc/fonts/conf.d/85-wqy.conf这个文件,找到下面这两行( 现在不是这二行了 应该在第99、100行): 查找 compare="less_eq" freebsd12 有5个 <test name="size" compare="less_eq"><int>16</int></test> <edit name="antialias" mode="assign"><bool>false</bool></edit> 把less_eq后面的int值从16改成8即可。这两行的意思是对于所有小于16号的字体都禁用抗锯齿(match居然写的target=”font”,匹配了所有字体),一个最简单的workaround就是把禁用抗锯齿的字号改小一点,8号是个不错的值,因为太小的字用抗锯齿反而会模糊。 这样字体就美美的
https://www.librehat.com/solve-freebsd-dragonflybsd-font-antialiasing-settings-invalid-issues/ https://www.freebsdchina.org/forum/viewtopic.php?p=291166&sid=3b2dad0b46fafdb9a54757d673fef516
xorg GUI 开始
pkg install -y xorg #yes |pkg install xorg pkg install xf86-video-intel pkg install -y xrandr /etc/rc.conf hald_enable="YES" dbus_enable="YES" #pkg install gdm # gnome3-lite #gnome3 有点显卡闪屏 2021年依然如此 还是 xfce好
Installing a Desktop Environment on FreeBSD
lightdm
sysrc lightdm_enable="YES" freebsd-update -r 13.2-RELEASE upgrade reboot 188 0:04 history 189 0:04 /usr/sbin/freebsd-update install
slim
pkg install -y slim-themes slim /usr/local/etc/slim.conf #sessiondir /usr/local/share/xsessions # ... current_theme fbsd ls /usr/local/share/slim/themes/ archlinux-simple fbsd gentoo-simple mindlock scotland-road capernoited fingerprint gnewsense parallel-dimensions subway debian-moreblue flat lake rainbow wave default flower2 lunar rear-window zenwalk
usage
单用户环境 要将SLiM配置为加载某个特定的环境,只需编辑~/.xinitrc 如下: #!/bin/sh # # ~/.xinitrc # # Executed by startx (run your window manager from here) # exec [session-command] 将[session-command]替换为适当的会话命令。例如: exec awesome exec xfce4-session exec dwm exec startfluxbox exec fvwm2 exec gnome-session exec openbox-session exec startkde exec startlxde exec startxfce4 exec enlightenment_start
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/SLiM_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)
https://www.c0ffee.net/blog/freebsd-on-a-laptop/#slim
xfce 2021
但是会卡 现在上i3 i3 lightdm-gtk-greeter lightdm lightdm_enable="YES" pkg install -y xorg pkg install -y graphics/drm-kmod xfce slim pkg install -y libva-intel-driver # (intel高清解码器) pkg install -y xf86-video-intel #(intel开源程序) pkg install -y v2ray # v2ray_enable="YES" cat .xinitrc . /usr/local/etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc #ck-launch-session /usr/local/bin/startlxqt #exec awesome export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8 export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8 export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8 #fcitx & #注意了 这个 YES 前后不能空格 eg " YES" cat /etc/rc.conf hostname="bsdelite.linuxsa.org" #wlans_iwm0="wlan0" #ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" sshd_enable="YES" dbus_enable="YES" hald_enable="YES" # Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable dumpdev="AUTO" #这个在安装时要选择 moused_enable=" YES" ifconfig_em0="DHCP" slim_enable="yes" kld_list="i915kms" defaultrouter="192.168.10.1" vim .xinitrc exec xfce4-session init 6 #reboot os fcitx wubi 在xfce 是成功的 #drm解说 具体设置请看https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics)(drm-kmod包含了intel和ati驱动),我是集成显卡,所以用intel驱动 slim Alternatively, just put the following entry in /etc/rc.conf: slim_enable=yes *** Option "sessions" is no longer supported. *** Now you need to put session files in the directory specified by option "sessiondir". They should be xdg-style .desktop files. WARNING: the default behaviour in parsing .xinitrc file has changed! You can now set a default xsession as described here: https://github.com/iwamatsu/slim/pull/1 You can turn back to random xsession selection by compiling this port without the option XDEFAULT.
这参考 居然好过官方 厉害了
https://www.linuxhelp.com/how-to-install-xfce-desktop-in-freebsd
lxqt
pkg install lxqt # sudo pkg delete lxqt # 输入法不好用 老调不出来 放弃
awesome
pkg install -y awesome # cp /usr/local/etc/xdg/awesome/rc.lua .config/awesome/ #这个不要,我们后面会操作的 在配置里面 echo "exec awesome" >> .xinitrc chmod +x ~/.xinitrc
gnome
#注意 这个用起来还是有点卡 ,虽然我是16G RAM , xfce4 就不会 Mon May 3 13:41:20 CST 2021 pkg install gnome3 vlc pkg install gnome-desktop gdm xorg gnome3 have gdm can not add this 我一开始加了这个没用 #echo 'exec gnome-session' >> ~/.xinitrc root@bsd-latop:~ # cat /etc/rc.conf hostname="bsd-latop" ##wifi wlans_iwm0="wlan0" ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" # evan gnome_enable="YES" moused_enable="YES" dbus_enable="YES" hald_enable="YES" gdm_enable="YES" sshd_enable="YES" dbus_enable="YES" hald_enable="YES" sendmail_enable="NONE" # Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable #dumpdev="AUTO" ifconfig_em0="DHCP" #slim_enable="yes" defaultrouter="192.168.10.1" #vboxnet_enable="YES" #v2ray_enable="YES" #v2ray_enable="NO" cat .xinitrc #!/bin/bash #success if u run xmonad must open it #/home/evan/.xmonad/autostart.sh #xautolock -time 10 -locker "i3lock -b -i '/home/evan/wallpaper/2020-02-04_14-46.png'" & xautolock -time 30 -locker "i3lock -b -i '/home/evan/wallpaper/sj.png'" & sudo /usr/local/bin/networkmgr & #networkmgr & export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8 export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8 export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8 #export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx #if [ -x /usr/local/bin/fcitx ]; then # /usr/local/bin/fcitx & #fi #if [ -x /usr/local/bin/synapse ]; then # /usr/local/bin/synapse & #fi # #run desktop #exec /usr/local/bin/xmonad #exec awesome #. /usr/local/etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc #exec /usr/local/bin/i3 #ck-launch-session /usr/local/bin/startlxqt exec gnome-session #export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8 #export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8 #export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8 #export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx #if [ -x /usr/local/bin/fcitx ]; then # /usr/local/bin/fcitx & #fi #if [ -x /usr/local/bin/synapse ]; then # /usr/local/bin/synapse & #fi
https://www.osradar.com/how-to-install-gnome-or-plasma5-kde-on-freebsd-12/
电池条 xbattbar
时间设置
先用bsdconfig-->network --> 不行再date date 201908122145 2019年 8月12日 星期一 21时45分00秒 CST
xrand
#at elitebook xrandr --output DP2 --same-as eDP1 --mode 1366x768 --output DP2 --mode 1920x1080 #I3只有这个有效果 上面那个 是完全 只有一半 感觉没有了另外一半 哈哈 xrandr --output DP2 --mode 1920x1080 --output eDP1 --off #at 神舟 #xrandr --output HDMI-1 --same-as LVDS-1 --mode 1366x768 --output HDMI-1 --mode 1920x1080 ##kali #on home # if vga on home 24 1920*1080 #xrandr --output VGA-1 --same-as LVDS-1 --mode 1366x768 --output VGA-1 --mode 1920x1080 #if hdmi on home #xrandr --output HDMI-1 --same-as LVDS-1 --mode 1366x768 --output HDMI-1 --mode 1920x1080 #只开启外外接显示器 xrandr --output HDMI-1 --mode 1920x1080 --output LVDS-1 --off #HDMI-1 connected 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 527mm x 296mm #xrandr --output HDMI-1 --same-as --mode 1366x768 --output HDMI-1 --mode 1920x1080+0+0 # on work #xrandr --output VGA1 --same-as LVDS1 --mode 1920x1080 --output LVDS1 --mode 1366x768
wifi
首先 安装freebsd12 时,就选择wifi连接网络,不要插网线 Add an entry for this network to /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf. If the file does not exist, create it. network={ ssid="myssid" psk="mypsk" } Add entries to /etc/rc.conf to configure the network on startup: wlans_ath0="wlan0" ifconfig_wlan0="WPA SYNCDHCP" Restart the computer, or restart the network service to connect to the network: # service netif restar #in me ##wifi wlans_iwm0="wlan0" ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/network-wireless.html
显示器 之亮度 及双显示器
freebsd 上有个 亮度设置 rofi search rd 就可以出来 #我的 root@bsd-latop:~ # sudo kldload acpi_video; sudo sysctl hw.acpi.video.crt0.brightness=30 hw.acpi.video.crt0.brightness: 80 -> 30 查看 sysctl hw.acpi.video hw.acpi.video.out2.active: 1 hw.acpi.video.out1.active: 1 hw.acpi.video.out0.active: 1 hw.acpi.video.ext2.active: 1 hw.acpi.video.ext1.active: 1 hw.acpi.video.ext0.active: 1 hw.acpi.video.lcd0.active: 1 hw.acpi.video.crt0.levels: 80 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 69 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 hw.acpi.video.crt0.economy: 50 hw.acpi.video.crt0.fullpower: 80 hw.acpi.video.crt0.brightness: 80 hw.acpi.video.crt0.active: 1 别人的例子 kldload acpi_video; sysctl hw.acpi.video.lcd0.brightness=30 试试
pkg 源更新和系统更新
很多时候你不得不更新,不然安装了新软件后,就各种问题 dm卡死什么的 mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/ #直接换成官方 Unable to update repository FreeBSD mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos echo 'FreeBSD: { url: "pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/${ABI}/latest" }' > /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf pkg update -f sudo pkg install security/ca_root_nss vi /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf FreeBSD: { url: "pkg+https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-pkg/${ABI}/quarterly", #url: "pkg+http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-pkg/${ABI}/quarterly", } # Apr 2024 will upgrade it to FreeBSD 13.2 freebsd-update -r 13.2-RELEASE upgrade /usr/sbin/freebsd-update install reboot /usr/sbin/freebsd-update install #Dec 10 2022 will upgrade it to FreeBSD 13.1 freebsd-update -r 13.1-RELEASE upgrade #repository update pkg update -f pkg update #系统更新 pkg upgrade # 有这个问题 用上面的 pkg upgrade 以后少点升级 version FBSD_1.7 required by /usr/local/lib/libpython3.9.so.1.0
https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#updating-upgrading-synopsis
FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE Installation Instructions https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/freebsd-pkg.html
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/pkgng-intro.html
更新单个软件
这里以firefox为例子 pkg install firefox #就可以直接升级了 Installed packages to be UPGRADED: firefox: 68.0.1_1,1 -> 69.0.2,1 telegram: 1.4.1.g20161227_5 -> 1.4.1.g20161227_6 protobuf: 3.7.1,1 -> 3.9.2,1 libevent: 2.1.10 -> 2.1.11 libqtxdg: 3.3.0 -> 3.3.0_1 Installed packages to be REINSTALLED: mysql57-server-5.7.27 (direct dependency changed: perl5) Number of packages to be upgraded: 5 Number of packages to be reinstalled: 1 The operation will free 1 MiB. 64 MiB to be downloaded.
ports 加速
sudo pkg install axel vi /etc/make.conf #加入以下内容 FETCH_CMD=axel FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS= -n 10 -a FETCH_AFTER_ARGS= DISABLE_SIZE=yes MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=\ http://ports.hshh.org/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\ http://ports.cn.freebsd.org/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\ #ftp://ftp.freeBSDchina.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/ MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/ MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP} #MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/ vi /etc/portsnap.conf 把 SERVERNAME=portsnap.freebsd.org 修改成: SERVERNAME=portsnap.hshh.org 这个是他的更新服务器。另外还有几个国内比较快的portsnap服务器: portsnap.hshh.org portsnap2.hshh.org portsnap3.hshh.org (网通) portsnap4.hshh.org
更新ports
在 /etc/make.conf 中添加以下内容(如果文件不存在,则新建之): MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/ cat /etc/portsnap.conf | grep cn SERVERNAME=portsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org fetch 获取数据 extract 释放全部ports update 更新ports 第一次使用可以portsnap fetch extract 以后使用可以 portsnap fetch update portsnap extract; portsnap update 现在的亚洲pkg mirrors pkg0.twn.freebsd.org
http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/freebsd-ports.html
FreeBSD 11.1 发行版在线升级到 FreeBSD 11.2 发行版
FreeBSD 12 国内源提速 pkg 和 ports 做个笔记
april 30 2021 20190808 new add
#汉化不完整,xfce里面有点有汉的 pkg install graphics/drm-kmod cat /etc/rc.conf hostname="bsdpc" ifconfig_re0="DHCP" sshd_enable="YES" # Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable dumpdev="AUTO" hald_enable="YES" dbus_enable="YES" moused_enable="YES" slim_enable="yes" kld_list="i915kms" #不然 Cannot run in framebuffer mode. Please specify busIDs root@freebsd:/home/evan # cat /etc/fstab # Custom /etc/fstab for FreeBSD VM images /dev/gpt/rootfs / ufs rw 1 1 /dev/gpt/swapfs none swap sw 0 0 % echo 'ck-launch-session /usr/local/bin/startlxqt' > ~/.xinitrc pkg install xorg 安装: pkg install xorg //在/etc/rc.conf文件内添加如下内容: cat /etc/rc.conf hostname="freebsd" moused_enable="YES" moused_nodefault_enable="YES" dbus_enable="YES" hald_enable="YES" ifconfig_DEFAULT="DHCP inet6 accept_rtadv" sshd_enable="YES" slim_enable="yes" #lightdm_enable="YES" pkg install xrandr remmina synapse pkg install awesome pkg install telegram # or pidgim
https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/running-telegram-gui.51494/
添加 新硬盘 这个会出错 只有在安装时就两个硬盘 并分区就没事
参考官方是最好的 2021 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/bsdinstall/#using-bsdinstall
Aug 9 2019
docker on freebsd https://wiki.freebsd.org/Docker
jails
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/MoeDisk/article/details/87028238
1 安装 gui 相关
安装
#不用 portnaps 直接pkg #昨晚这个默认居然是没有cn的 我去 搞半天 ,还是改一下比较好滴 vi /etc/portsnap.conf SERVERNAME=portsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org #不安装gnome3 就没有gdm,但是没办法单独安装gdm pkg install xorg mate slim #没了 xf86-video-fbdev ? #[Install CINNAMON Desktop Environment] pkg install cinnamon #20170331 #Lightdm is in the ports tree. pkg install x11/lightdm For lightdm to function, it requires one of the available greeters to be installed, which are available in the ports tree at x11/lightdm-*greeter* # 记得要添加这个DM Add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf to enable the LightDM: lightdm_enable="YES" # pkg install terminology
配置 和开机自启动
vi /etc/fstab proc /proc procfs rw 0 0 sysrc 'hald_enable=YES' 'dbus_enable=YES' 'slim_enable=YES' #'gdm_enable=YES'
中文化
只有中文化后 才能调用fcitx 五笔哦 不然没中文输入 2019 编辑用户的环境文件: #vi ~/.cshrc //增加如下内容 setenv LANG zh_CN.UTF-8 setenv LC_CTYPE zh_CN.UTF-8 setenv LC_ALL zh_CN.UTF-8 //添加完后退出当前会话,重新进入。 #locale //显示当前用户环境 LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8 用户级: 修改用户根目录文件.login_conf: 这个好像加了无效 201908 me:\ :lang=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ :setenv=LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ :setenv=LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ :setenv=LC_COLLATE=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ :setenv=LC_TIME=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ :setenv=LC_NUMERIC=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ :setenv=LC_MONETARY=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ :setenv=LC_MESSAGES=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ :charset=UTF-8:\ :xmodifiers="@im=SCIM": #这里我假设你使用SCIM 在英文界面下运行中文输入法: startx 开启 gnome 或 gdm 开始登录gnome 我在 ~/.xinitrc中加入了: cat .xinitrc #ck-launch-session /usr/local/bin/startlxqt exec awesome export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8 export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8 export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8 fcitx & 2019 export LC_CTYPE=“zh_CN.UTF-8” export XMODIFIERS=@im=SCIM export GTK_IM_MODULE=xim export QT_IM_DODULE=xim export XIM_PROGRAM=“scim -d” scim -d #汉化 第一次失败了 第二再重装一下又好了 2017 $ vi .xinitrc export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8 export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8 export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8 #exec mate-session 不用这个 mate 默认没有gdm了 如果用slim 还是要用这个
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20377663-id-114464.html
https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/2203007741278957948.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/misstaste/p/5177011.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/sinx/p/10585930.html
update ports
SERVERNAME=portsnap.hshh.org http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/freebsd-ports.html https://www.cnblogs.com/yibinboy/articles/6136704.html pkg install firefox
http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/freebsd-ports.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/yibinboy/articles/6136704.html
https://blog.csdn.net/lanzh_syf/article/details/86599445
输入法 2021 特别好看在xfce
install
# fcitx wubi 在xfce 是成功的 ##记得 一定要加上chinese/ 不然是pkg 不到东西的 #fcitx-qt5 qt支持 不然在telegarm不能打字 pkg install chinese/fcitx chinese/fcitx-configtool chinese/fcitx-table-extra chinese/fcitx-ui-light fcitx-qt5 #skin /usr/local/share/fcitx/skin/dark 我放在 .config/fcitx/skin 可以看到 但是用不了 无法加载皮肤36,回到默认皮肤 应试是皮肤不对
下載後放在 .config/fcitx/skin 下創建一個對應的目錄就行了
configure
Note: 默认输入状态 非激活 不然 老是默认中文 影响 commmond fcitx-diagnose #查看相关的模块 非常不错的命令 vi .cshrc #Note just for csh setenv LANG zh_CN.UTF-8 setenv LC_CTYPE zh_CN.UTF-8 setenv LC_ALL zh_CN.UTF-8 # evan 4 fcitx 家目录下的.profile中加入 有人写 这里的 setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx setenv GTK_IM_MODULE fcitx setenv QT_IM_MODULE fcitx export GTK3_IM_MODULE=fcitx setenv XIM=fcitx 下面这些只是提示而已 ③如果使用的Shell是bash或sh: cat .cshrc export XMODIFIERS='@im=fcitx' export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx 我暂时是这个哦 ④如果使用的Shell是csh或tcsh : setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx setenv GTK_IM_MODULE fcitx setenv QT_IM_MODULE fcitx ⑤开机启动设置 系统-->首选项-->启动应用程序 添加fcitx evan@home:~ % cat .xinitrc export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8 export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8 export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8 export XMODIFIERS='@im=fcitx' export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx export GTK3_IM_MODULE=fcitx mkdir -p ~/.config/autostart/ cp /usr/local/share/applications/fcitx.desktop ~/.config/autostart/ pkg prompt Message from zh-fcitx-4.2.9.6_2: ************************************************************************ Remember to set the environment variable XMODIFIERS: csh/tcsh: setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx sh/bash: export XMODIFIERS='@im=fcitx' For GTK+ programs, you may want to set: csh/tcsh: setenv GTK_IM_MODULE fcitx setenv GTK3_IM_MODULE fcitx sh/bash: export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx export GTK3_IM_MODULE=fcitx For Qt4 programs, we recommend you to use qtconfig-qt4: /usr/ports/misc/qt4-qtconfig instead of to manually set QT4_IM_MODULE. To start fcitx with your desktop, just cp /usr/local/share/applications/fcitx.desktop \ ~/.config/autostart/ ************************************************************************ Message from zh-fcitx-ui-light-0.1.3_2: ************************************************************************ Replace your `fcitx` command with fcitx -u fcitx-light-ui to start Fcitx with this lightweight UI. **************************************************************
[Writing Chinese, Japanese, Korean in FreeBSD with fcitx]
ops and develop
pkg install git rsync sudo vim bash terminal anjuta vsftp xfce4-terminal gcc echo 'evan ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:NOPASSWD:ALL' >/usr/local/etc/sudoers.d/evan pkg install python https://docs.python.org/2.7/using/unix.html https://docs.python.org/3.3/using/unix.html # python ide pkg install python intellij-pycharm ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2 /usr/bin/python pkg install editors/emacs https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/developers-handbook/emacs.html pkg install terminator #dig pkg install dns/bind-tools run one of these commands: sudo pkg install devel/py-pip sudo pkg install py39-pip sudo pip install ipython # #sudo pkg install py37-pip evan@bsd-latop:~/lx/zabbix/api_zbx % sudo pkg search urllib3 py27-urllib3-1.22,1 HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post, and more py36-urllib3-1.22,1 HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post, and more
更改freebsd shell为bash vi 为vim
install
pkg install bash vim root@home:~ # where vi /usr/bin/vi mv /usr/bin/vi /usr/bin/bakvi && ln -s /usr/local/bin/vim /usr/bin/vi
设置bash
tcsh (发音为/tiːˈsiːʃɛl/ tee-SEE-shel, /ˈtiːʃɛl/ TEE-shel, 是一个向下兼容c shell的Unix shell。它本质上是为c shell增加命令补完,命令编辑等其他功能。 当前作为FreeBSD和其延伸发行版的默认shell。 evan# whereis bash bash: /usr/local/bin/bash #sudo mv /bin/sh /bin/bak_sh ##做了下面这个ln 以后我们把平时在linux下跑的 shell 脚本拿到freebsd跑,也绝大部分没问题了 ln -s /usr/local/bin/bash /bin/bash #ln -s /usr/local/bin/bash /bin/sh evan# chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash chsh: user information updated 注销重启后 如下 搞定 [root@evan ~]# echo $SHELL /usr/local/bin/bash sudo chsh -s /bin/tcsh #这两个干啥 tcsh -s /bin/bash tcsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash chsh命令: chsh 这个命令现在一般被用来替换,usermod -s 命令即更改用户登录的shell。其常用的只有两个参数 -l 和 -s chsh -l 起到的作用是列出当前系统的所有shell #anjuta log =========================================================================== Note that some standard Python modules are provided as separate ports as they require additional dependencies. They are available as: py35-gdbm databases/py35-gdbm py35-sqlite3 databases/py35-sqlite3 py35-tkinter x11-toolkits/py35-tkinter ===========================================================================
7zip
archivers/p7zip 1. 解压缩文件 # 7z x 解压缩文件 注意的是如果类似libpcap-0.7.1.tar.gz,一次性7z x libpcap-0.7.1.tar.gz后,7z会解压出文件libpcap-0.7.1.tar这一层,这个时候再一次7z x libpcap-0.7.1.tar就可以啦。 2.压缩文件的参数是a # 7z a filename.7z 要压缩的文件或者目录 3.其他 # 7z e,e这个参数很有意思,也是解压,但和x参数不同 有的就解不了 如 tar , gz 4.更多的使用7z -h看说明! 另外,apt安装p7aip后还有个命令7za,不知道和7z有什么区别
applications
终端
sudo pkg install tilda
healthLinux 下的护眼软件
sudo pkg install redshift redshift-gtk
https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/compiling-redshift-color-temperature-app.17693/
rednotebook
sudo pkg install deskutils/rednotebook 下载 src https://rednotebook.sourceforge.io/downloads.html sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/bash /bin/bash sudo pkg install devel/py-yaml #sudo pkg install py36-yaml # 这个是老的名 sudo python3.6 setup.py install 如何添加快捷方式 上次是在源码里面找到办法的 暂时这样 sudo mv /usr/local/bin/rednotebook /usr/local/bin/bakrednotebook ~/tmp/rednotebook-2.15 % sudo cp ./rednotebook/rednotebook /usr/local/bin/rednotebook ERROR PyYAML not found. Please install it (python3-yaml). sudo pkg install devel/py-yaml
https://www.freshports.org/devel/py-yaml/
http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3568241-1-1.html
ss
ss pkg install shadowsocks-libev # or cd /usr/ports/net/shadowsocks-libev/ && make install clean
Document Viewers
sudo pkg install Okular epdfview #Okular好用 #mupdf 只有命令行界面 # atril 好用 但是是安装上整个mate桌面
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/desktop-viewers.html
IM
telegram
sudo pkg install telegram-desktop # 其它都不对 sudo pkg install telegram #/usr/ports/net-im/telegram && make install clean 在界面顶部的搜索框中输入@zh_CN
IRC
sudo pkg install hexchat konversation
影音
Audio on FreeBSD – Quick Guide
pkg install -y celluloid vlc audacious audacious-skins multimedia/audacious-plugins archivers/unzip mplayer smplayer gnome-mplayer qmmp audio/audacity
audacious-skins
https://pakeklinux.wordpress.com/2010/11/17/the-best-audacious-skin-that-i-know/
https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1115066
sudo cp -a ~/tmp/Audacious\ grey\ theme/Audacious\ grey\ theme/* /usr/share/audacious/Skins/grep/
ftp
service 自带了ftp FreeBSD includes FTP server software, ftpd, in the base system. https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/network-ftp.html #ftp client pkg install filezilla
Browsers
pkg install netsurf midori falkon chromium firefox-esr# firefox # firefox这个在配置那里就可以选择 add 中文 falkon ld-elf.so.1: /usr/local/lib/qt5/libQt5Core.so.5: version Qt_5.13 required by /usr/local/bin/falkon not found #今天 更新到firefox 70 然后起不来了 Segmentation fault (core dumped) fetch https://download.cdn.mozilla.net/pub/firefox/releases/70.0/source/firefox-70.0.source.tar.xz :/usr/ports/www/firefox # make install clean https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/desktop-browsers.html ## log Message from chromium-56.0.2924.87_1: For correct operation, shared memory support has to be enabled in Chromium by performing the following command as root : sysctl kern.ipc.shm_allow_removed=1 To preserve this setting across reboots, append the following to /etc/sysctl.conf : kern.ipc.shm_allow_removed=1 安装flashplayer插件 安装 nspluginwrapper this is only for firefox ? cd /usr/ports/www/nspluginwrapper make make install 安装 linux-c6-flashplugin11 cd /usr/ports/www/linux-c6-flashplugin11 make make install 执行nspluginwrapper -v -a -i 若报错Kernel too old, 执行命令sysctl compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.18 修改/etc/sysctl.conf, 增加compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.18 修改/etc/fstab linproc /usr/compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 0 #这个是 也是手册上的哦 cd /usr/ports/www/linux-flashplayer make install clean 备注 安装步骤参考FreeBSD Handbook 安装nspluginwrapper会安装linux_base-c6 注意安装的版本
firefox
% sudo pkg search firefox firefox-73.0.1,1 Web browser based on the browser portion of Mozilla firefox-esr-68.5.0_1,1 Web browser based on the browser portion of Mozilla 要把 .mozilla/ 目录先删除 再 重装 firefox-esr 就可以同步回插件等等所有东西回来了 sudo pkg install firefox # firefox-esr 要更新整个系统,不然 firefox 更新不成功的 字体设置 记得这个不要勾上 允许页面选择自己的字体代替您的上述选择(A
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/desktop-browsers.html
remmina
pkg install -y remmina #默认没有rdp 等协议 To install the port: cd /usr/ports/net/remmina-plugins/ && make install clean To add the package: pkg install remmina-plugins
https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/rdp-or-vnc-for-access-to-remote-windows-machine.53651/
https://www.freshports.org/net/remmina-plugins/
网络管理工具
networkmgr .xinitrc 里面启动 图标好难看 essage from networkmgr-3.1: -- Any bug reports or request of new feature should be addressed at: https://github.com/GhostBSD/networkmgr/issues Make sure that the /usr/local/etc/doas.conf have someting simular like this: permit nopass keepenv root permit :wheel permit nopass keepenv :wheel cmd netcardmgr permit nopass keepenv :wheel cmd ifconfig permit nopass keepenv :wheel cmd service When rebooting it should automaticaly start is the desktop support xdg and make sure that the user using NetworkMgr is in the wheel group.
https://vermaden.wordpress.com/2018/03/24/freebsd-network-management-with-network-sh-script/
启动器
pkg install -y rofi #这个就好 其它不要了 不好用 不高级 哈哈 synapse
gmrun # 配置文件 cat /etc/gmrunrc
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Rofi
https://www.cnblogs.com/siyingcheng/p/11706215.html https://hacpai.com/article/1552717494529
https://github.com/davatorium/rofi/wiki/themes
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Gmrun
文件管理器
pcmanfm
edit
pkg install gedit geany gnote gnome-calculator#算机器 #madedit
USB 镜像写入器
Etcher 是一个由 http://resin.io 开发的 USB 镜像写入器。它是一个跨平台的应用,可以帮助你将 ZIP、ISO、IMG 格式的镜像文件写入到 USB 存储中
svn
pkg install subversion && pkg install kdesvn # or esvn
office
libreoffice
Gnumeric 电子表格 sudo pkg install libreoffice pushd /usr/ports/chinese/libreoffice-zh_CN && sudo make install clean
虚拟化
#FreeBSD as a Host with VirtualBox sudo pkg instal -yl emulators/virtualbox-ose sudo pkg install virtualbox-ose-additions #不然没办法在freebsd12 上安装debian10.04 依然失败 #普通用户启动 sudo pw groupmod vboxusers -m evan sudo sysrc vboxnet_enable #现在是这样启动的 sudo virtualbox ===== Message from virtualbox-ose-6.1.18: -- VirtualBox was installed. You need to load the vboxdrv kernel module via /boot/loader.conf: vboxdrv_load="YES" You also have to add all users to your vboxusers group in order to use vbox. % pw groupmod vboxusers -m jerry Reboot the machine to load the needed kernel modules. Bridging Support: ================= For bridged networking please add the following line to your /etc/rc.conf: vboxnet_enable="YES" USB Support: ============ For USB support your user needs to be in the operator group and needs read and write permissions to the USB device. % pw groupmod operator -m jerry Add the following to /etc/devfs.rules (create if it doesn't exist): [system=10] add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator To load these new rule add the following to /etc/rc.conf: devfs_system_ruleset="system" Then restart devfs to load the new rules: % /etc/rc.d/devfs restart Troubleshooting: ================ Running VirtualBox as non-root user may fail with a fatal error NS_ERROR_FACTORY_NOT_REGISTERED. In this case delete /tmp/.vbox-*-ipc file. If you experience "Network: write Failed: Cannot allocate memory" errors try to increase net.graph.maxdata in /boot/loader.conf If you are using AIO, then increase these limits (PR#168298): vfs.aio.max_buf_aio=8192 vfs.aio.max_aio_queue_per_proc=65536 vfs.aio.max_aio_per_proc=8192 vfs.aio.max_aio_queue=65536 To check if AIO is used use: kldstat -v | grep aio Check wiki page for known issues and troubleshooting: http://wiki.freebsd.org/VirtualBox
virtualbox err
win10 debian10 安装错误 installation step failed
note
============================================================================= VirtualBox was installed. You need to load the vboxdrv kernel module via /boot/loader.conf: vboxdrv_load="YES" You also have to add all users to your vboxusers group in order to use vbox. % pw groupmod vboxusers -m jerry Reboot the machine to load the needed kernel modules. Bridging Support: ================= For bridged networking please add the following line to your /etc/rc.conf: vboxnet_enable="YES" USB Support: ============ For USB support your user needs to be in the operator group and needs read and write permissions to the USB device. % pw groupmod operator -m jerry Add the following to /etc/devfs.rules (create if it doesn't exist): [system=10] add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator To load these new rule add the following to /etc/rc.conf: devfs_system_ruleset="system" Then restart devfs to load the new rules: % /etc/rc.d/devfs restart Troubleshooting: ================ Running VirtualBox as non-root user may fail with a fatal error NS_ERROR_FACTORY_NOT_REGISTERED. In this case delete /tmp/.vbox-*-ipc file. If you experience "Network: write Failed: Cannot allocate memory" errors try to increase net.graph.maxdata in /boot/loader.conf If you are using AIO, then increase these limits (PR#168298): vfs.aio.max_buf_aio=8192 vfs.aio.max_aio_queue_per_proc=65536 vfs.aio.max_aio_per_proc=8192 vfs.aio.max_aio_queue=65536 To check if AIO is used use: kldstat -v | grep aio Check wiki page for known issues and troubleshooting: http://wiki.freebsd.org/VirtualBox Please report any problems to emulation@. Thanks!
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/virtualization-host-virtualbox.html
https://wiki.freebsd.org/VirtualBox
连接win客户端
rdesktop
pkg -y install rdesktop pkg -y install tsclient rdesktop是基于命令行的工具,tsclient只是一个图形化的界面,依赖于rdesktop
remmmina
远程桌面工具
CAD
sudo pkg install freecad #0.18
thunderbird
201912 现在 打开会100cpu composition—> language —Download more 就可以下载中文了 Advanced language 选择chinese 代理配置 高级 —网络 —连接
server
redis
#redis 3.x compli gmaek -j2 && sudo gmake install /usr/local/bin/redis-server #自启动 cat /etc/rc.local /usr/local/bin/redis-server > /dev/null #这个不行 Ambiguous output redirect /usr/local/bin/redis-server > /dev/null 2 > &1 or /usr/local/etc/rc.d下面放你的脚本 cd /usr/ports/databases/redis make /usr/local/etc/rc.d/redis start /usr/local/bin/redis-cli
docker
https://wiki.freebsd.org/Docker
https://www.oschina.net/p/docker-freebsd
参考
https://www.c0ffee.net/blog/freebsd-on-a-laptop/
FreeBSD 与 RISC-V: 开源物联网生态系统的未来
https://wiki.freebsdchina.org/software/a/awesome
FreeBSD 7 Xorg7.3 KDE3.5 桌面系统安装及美化
Choose the best Desktop for FreeBSD
https://cooltrainer.org/a-freebsd-desktop-howto/
安装远程桌面,VNC Server on FreeBSD + VNC Viewer on Windows
截图
flameshot
pkg install -y flameshot #conf vi ~/.cshrc alias flameshot flameshot gui source ~/.cshrc
下载
uget
图形图片查看
gimp ristretto screenfetch
development ide
sudo pkg install devel/liteide
mysql
Message from mysql57-server-5.7.27: ***************************************************************************** Remember to run mysql_upgrade the first time you start the MySQL server after an upgrade from an earlier version. Initial password for first time use of MySQL is saved in $HOME/.mysql_secret ie. when you want to use "mysql -u root -p" first you should see password in /root/.mysql_secret MySQL57 has a default %%ETCDIR%%/my.cnf, remember to replace it wit your own or set `mysql_optfile="$YOUR_CNF_FILE` in rc.conf. ***************************************************************************** Message from akonadi-19.04.2_1: =============================================================================== KDE Applications versions of Akonadi, KMail, and Kontact use large messages on the local machine. The default size on FreeBSD is too small, which causes local connection problems, and Akonadi-based applications will be flaky (e.g. mailboxes do not display, messages cannot be found). Increasing the buffer size is recommended: sysctl net.local.stream.recvspace=65536 sysctl net.local.stream.sendspace=65536 ===============================================================================
视频编辑
有用的
启用、安装linxu内核。 #kldload linux #ee /etc/rc.conf linux_enable=”YES” #cd /usr/ports/www/linux_base-f10 && make install clean 先安装linux的flash10插件 cd /usr/ports/www/linux-f10-flashplugin10 make install clean (这一步会把libflashplayer.so安装在/usr/local/lib/npapi/linux-f10-flashplugin/libflashplayer.so) 再安装nspluginwrapper cd /usr/ports/www/nspluginwrapper make install clean 兼容转换 nspluginwrapper -v -i /usr/local/lib/npapi/linux-f10-flashplugin/libflashplayer.so(这一步会在/usr/local/lib/browser_plugins/ 下生成能在freebsd下使用的npwrapper.libflashplayer.so文件 ) 最后把插件链接到chromium插件目录下 ln -s /usr/local/lib/browser_plugins/npwrapper.libflashplayer.so /usr/local/share/chromium/plugins/ 与此同时firefox也可以进行视频播放了,如果还不可以,可以到网上去看看其他教程.
old输入法
ibus-table-chinese Chinese input tables for IBus
other
sed -i '' -e 's/memorylocked=128M/memorylocked=256M/' /etc/login.conf # cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf Remember to set the environment variable XMODIFIERS: csh/tcsh: setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx sh/bash: export XMODIFIERS='@im=fcitx' For GTK+ programs, you may want to set: csh/tcsh: setenv GTK_IM_MODULE fcitx setenv GTK3_IM_MODULE fcitx sh/bash: export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx export GTK3_IM_MODULE=fcitx For Qt4 programs, we recommend you to use qtconfig-qt4: /usr/ports/misc/qt4-qtconfig instead of to manually set QT4_IM_MODULE. To start fcitx with your desktop, just cp /usr/local/share/applications/fcitx.desktop \ ~/.config/autostart/ ************************************************************************ Message from zh-fcitx-ui-light-0.1.3_2: ************************************************************************ Replace your `fcitx` command with fcitx -u fcitx-light-ui to start Fcitx with this lightweight UI.
0. #添加到管理员组 pw groupmod wheel -m evan #enable ssh sysrc 'sshd_enable=YES' cat /etc/rc.conf zfs_enable="YES" hostname="digitalocean" ifconfig_vtnet0="dhcp" sshd_enable="YES" nginx_enable="YES" php_fpm_enable="YES" mysql_enable="YES" redis_enable="YES" shadowsocks_libev_enable="YES" # set time ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org #添加新硬盘到 home 给evan 使用
fstab evan@homebsd:~/kalibak % cat /etc/fstab # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# /dev/ada0p1 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/ada0p3 / ufs rw 1 1 /dev/ada0p4 /home ufs rw 2 2 proc /proc procfs rw 0 0 Display manager https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Display_manager_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87) FreeBSD从入门到放弃 https://linxiaohui.gitbooks.io/notes-on-freebsd/content/ Tencent QQ (简体中文) https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Tencent_QQ_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)#.E5.9F.BA.E4.BA.8E_WebQQ Installing a Desktop Environment on FreeBSD https://www.freebsdfoundation.org/freebsd/how-to-guides/installing-a-desktop-environment-on-freebsd/#! How to Install FreeBSD 10.2 with Mate Desktop http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-freebsd-10-2-mate-desktop/ https://wiki.lxde.org/en/FreeBSD Installing Mate desktop on FreeBSD 11 http://www.vpierre.it/installing-mate-desktop-on-freebsd-11/ fetch 获取数据 extract 释放全部ports update 更新ports 第一次使用可以 portsnap fetch extract 以后使用可以 portsnap fetch update portsnap extract; portsnap update 如果写在cron可以用 portsnap cron update FreeBSD 简明用户指南 install gnome3 kde4 xfce etc https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/x11-wm.html Browsers https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/desktop-browsers.html pkg install firefox pkg install swfdec-plugin MP3 Audio https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/sound-mp3.html https://bsdelf.github.io/posts/freebsd-brief-user-guide https://huataihuang.gitbooks.io/cloud-atlas/content/os/freebsd/packages_and_ports.html https://antumdeluge.wordpress.com/2014/07/19/how-to-install-freebsd/ FreeBSD简单汉化终结篇[基于core font的汉化] http://bbs.watchstor.com/thread-274706-1-1.html ********************** 安装Firefox的多国语言包 #pkg install firefox35-i18n 你太善良》是香港歌手张智霖, 张惠妹 放开你的头脑 就两个文件 另外一个freebsd10 4 desktop program/kindlereader Official Mirrors https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/eresources-web.html SERVERNAME=portsnap.FreeBSD.org SERVERNAME=portsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org portsnap fetch extract 桌面相关的官方文档 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/x11-wm.html echo 'exec enlightenment_start' >> ~/.xinitrc ##xfce 这个也是成功了 字体好看 不过是英文的呢喃 加上汉化的就行了 pkg install xfce #昨天今天就是少了这一步 看来要多提高英文水平哦 Unlike GNOME or KDE, Xfce does not provide its own login manager. In order to start Xfce from the command line by typing startx, first add its entry to ~/.xinitrc: % echo "exec /usr/local/bin/startxfce4 --with-ck-launch" > ~/.xinitrc ##gnome3 pkg install gnome3 vlc have gdm can not add this #echo 'exec gnome-session' >> ~/.xinitrc http://blog.linuxchina.net/?p=993 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/x11-wm.html https://antumdeluge.wordpress.com/2014/07/19/how-to-install-freebsd/ https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/57329/ Installing Mate desktop on FreeBSD 11 http://www.vpierre.it/installing-mate-desktop-on-freebsd-11/
ops
在bsd上直接叫 md5 linux上是md5sum
firewall
防火墙。Linux中使用iptables来做防火墙,不过那个太复杂了,我一般使用 ufw。 FreeBSD中可以使用 ipfw 来管理防火墙,它的用法和ufw差不多: $ ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $ext_if
优化
sendmail_enable="NONE"
old
###fvwm FreeBSD汉化+FVWM http://zqscm.qiniucdn.com/data/20090728100241/index.html 1 中文环境 pkg_add -r zh-auto-ch-l10n 这个命令好像作了不少事情,我忘记是否下载了wenquanyi字体,没有的话,再手动来一遍 pkg_add -r wqy 下边的不知道是不是必须的 在设置好xorg.conf中fontpath的前题下,执行 fc-cache -fv,让系统加入wqy字体 输入法如果没下载的话,可以 pkg_add -r fcitx,我是用五笔的 然后,配置中文的locale 在~/.chsrc里,增加 setenv LANG zh_CN.eucCN setenv LC_CTYPE zh_CN.eucCN setenv LC_ALL zh_CN.eucCN 上边是中文local,lc_all好像不是必须要设置的 下边设置输入法 setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx 2 fvwm,这个东西小快,够用了 pkg_add -r fvwm 3 使用fvwm作为桌面 在~下,找一下有没有.xinitrc文件,没有就搞一个出来 内容是 exec fvwm 如果要输入法也一并启动则为 fcitx& exec fvwm
Troubleshooting
随便更新了一下firefox 70 现在总算可以了 以后少更新点 terminator 启动不了 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/bin/terminator", line 83, in <module> from terminatorlib import ipc File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/terminatorlib/ipc.py", line 31, in <module> class DBusService(Borg, dbus.service.Object): File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/terminatorlib/ipc.py", line 62, in DBusService @dbus.service.method(BUS_NAME, in_signature='a{ss}') File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/dbus/decorators.py", line 155, in method validate_interface_name(dbus_interface) ValueError: Invalid interface or error name 'net.tenshu.Terminator2-0x3bc8d9c28d7f7322': contains invalid character '-' terminator -u 这样启动就行了 telegram 等等有关qt的都用不了 firefox70 也好了 Cannot mix incompatible Qt library (version ) with this library (version ) pkg install qt5-core pkg update -f pkg update pkg upgrade telegram-desktop ld-elf.so.1: /usr/local/lib/qt5/libQt5Core.so.5: version Qt_5.13 required by /usr/local/bin/telegram-desktop not found root@bsd-latop:~ # pkg install qt5 root@bsd-latop:~ # telegram-desktop ld-elf.so.1: /usr/local/lib/qt5/libQt5Core.so.5: version Qt_5.13 required by /usr/local/bin/telegram-desktop not found root@bsd-latop:~ # file /usr/local/lib/qt5/libQt5Core.so.5 /usr/local/lib/qt5/libQt5Core.so.5: symbolic link to libQt5Core.so.5.12.2 pkg: cached package *:size mismatch, cannot continue pkg update -f
图形界面失败Cannot run in framebuffer mode. Please specify busIDs
Solved Cannot run in framebuffer mode. Please specify busIDs
https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/cannot-run-in-framebuffer-mode-please-specify-busids.74546/
zfs nas
ZFS 依赖可靠的内存,装在个人机器上直接用ufs. ZFS不适合
从12.0开始,FreeNAS将改名为TrueNAS Core。
同时,zfs创建以后,zpool里面直接创建块设备用zfs create 就可以解决了,那么在/dev/zvol/xxx路径上就会产生一个块设备,其实会关联到一个/dev/zd16类似这样的名称的设备上,但是前者不会盘符漂移,后者会,因此使用的时候多注意一点。还有就是zfs做配额管理这些也非常方便,可以看看oracle的介绍吧。
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/zh_CN/books/handbook/filesystems-zfs.html
see also
www.midnightbsd.org
https://vermaden.wordpress.com/freebsd-desktop/
https://github.com/FreeBSD-Ask/FreeBSD-Ask
http://www.chinafreebsd.cn/article/59da3fa39561e
freenas Mount ext4 partition http://blog.linuxchina.net/?p=1782
linux: mount UFS filesystem http://blog.linuxchina.net/?p=1776
Linux® 用户的 FreeBSD 快速入门向导 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/zh_CN/articles/linux-users/index.html
https://freebsdchina.org/forum/topic_63558.html
https://www.enlightenment.org/distros/freebsd-start
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/zh_CN.UTF-8/books/handbook/updating-upgrading-portsnap.html
https://www.trueos.org/handbook/preinstall.html