Centos7服务器初始化

站内相关资源

容器初始化

如果机器多

ansible怎么批量初始化服务器

Salt-ssh批量初始化机器

Saltstack的配置管理salt.states

Saltstack state安装nignx

如果机器少

我现在用的shell

#!/bin/bash
#Authon: linuxsa.org 201911
# usage bash  osinit.sh 2>&1 | tee osinit.log  
#http://wiki.linuxchina.net/index.php/Centos7%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96

#如果在国内 CentOS 7 更换 阿里云/清华大学 yum 软件源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum makecache


#常用开发包 gcc etc 
yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y 
#常用命令 ifconfig etc
yum install -y   net-tools    yum-utils rsync

yum install epel-release -y
yum install iftop tcpdump  -y

#mysql client 
curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash
yum install MariaDB-client -y

# ins docker 
# step 1: 安装必要的一些系统工具
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# Step 2: 添加软件源信息
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

# Step 3: 更新并安装 Docker-CE
yum makecache fast

 yum -y install docker-ce
# Step 4: 开启Docker服务
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker


rpm -ivh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm

yum install zabbix-agent -y   && systemctl  enable zabbix-agent

#install docker-compose etc 

yum -y install vim wget curl yum-utils bash-completion bash-completion-extras epel-release lrzsz telnet python-pip
#这个看情况
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.1/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
#mv  docker-compose /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
#pip install docker-compose

#mkdir -p /home/data/docker
mkdir -p  /data/docker

echo '{"graph": "/data/docker"}' >/etc/docker/daemon.json

# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
#{"graph": "/home/data/docker"}

systemctl restart docker

#验证docker储存位置
docker system info | grep "Root Dir"

#开机自启动要用的

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

#firewall
systemctl enable firewalld


#修改源
#CentOS 7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
#或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

#CentOS 8
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
#或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo

#3. 运行 yum makecache 生成缓存
yum makecache 

ssh config

echo "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC you_prk_key root@ops
"  >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

sed -i "s/#PubkeyAuthentication yes/PubkeyAuthentication yes/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config

sed -i "s/^PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config

systemctl restart sshd
#service  sshd restart

网络配置

cat  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO=static  
IPADDR0=192.168.0.16
NETMASK=255.255.255.0  
GATEWAY0=192.168.0.1 
DNS1=223.5.5.5  
DNS2=114.114.114.114 

DEVICE="eth0"
ONBOOT="yes"

安装常用软件

 yum install python-devel
 yum install vim  wget  net-tools  psmisc links  lsof telnet  zlib-devel curl  tmux  mariadb     -y  # screen

yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y

CentOS7 安装ifconfig

不知道dig 是哪个软件包 提供的  请用 yum provides  command #绝对路径 

yum  provides /sbin/ifconfig

******
net-tools-1.60-114.el6.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo        : base
匹配来自于:
Filename    : /sbin/ifconfig
*****

由上可见安装的软件为net-tools

ifconfig, netstat, route, and other

[root@centos7 hcmdb]# yum info  net-tools  
已安装的软件包
名称    ：net-tools
架构    ：x86_64
版本    ：2.0
发布    ：0.17.20131004git.el7
大小    ：917 k
源    ：installed
简介    ： Basic networking tools
网址    ：http://sourceforge.net/projects/net-tools/
协议    ： GPLv2+
描述    ： The net-tools package contains basic networking tools,
         : including ifconfig, netstat, route, and others.
         : Most of them are obsolete. For replacement check iproute package.

yum -y  install net-tools  vim  wget 
#yum/dnf install net-tools  vim  wget 

centos7精简安装后，使用中发现没有killall命令。
可以通过以下命令解决：

yum install psmisc
 
简单介绍一下 psmisc ：

Psmisc软件包包含三个帮助管理/proc目录的程序。
安装下列程序: fuser, killall,pstree和pstree.x11(到pstree的链接)
fuser 显示使用指定文件或者文件系统的进程的PID。
killall 杀死某个名字的进程，它向运行指定命令的所有进程发出信号。
pstree 树型显示当前运行的进程。
pstree.x11 与pstree功能相同，只是在退出前需要确认

常用软件

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

yum install  nmap-ncat lsof -y #nc (nmap-ncat)

 lsof -i:1080

yum groupinstall "Development Libraries"

yum groupinstall "Development Tools"

13款Linux运维比较实用的工具

nginx

yum install wget  -y

wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/e/epel-release-7-12.noarch.rpm

wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/e/epel-release-7-12.noarch.rpm

yum install nginx   -y

mariadb client

curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash
yum install MariaDB-client -y

jdk

java.security.InvalidKeyException: Illegal key size or default parameters

new vm 就要加上 unlime

 文件 UnlimitedJCEPolicyJDK7.zip
规制办法 
evan@evankalilatop:~/xk/jdk$ cat jdkpath 
替换 ${jdk_home}/jre/lib/security 下local_policy.jar, US_export_policy.jar

修改文件句柄数

#临时修改，立刻生效
ulimit -n 655350         

#永久修改
echo "* soft nofile 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard nofile 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

使用ulimit 命令、/etc/security/limits.conf、proc 调整系统参数

ulimit设置不生效?

kernel 优化

#set sysctl 有空把这些意思拿出来
sysctl_config(){
cp /etc/sysctl.conf /et/sysctl.conf.bak
cat > /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
 kernel.sysrq = 0
 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
 kernel.msgmnb = 65536
 kernel.msgmax = 65536
 kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
 kernel.shmall = 4294967296
 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
 net.core.somaxconn = 262144
 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
EOF
/sbin/sysctl -p
echo "sysctl set OK!!"
}


使用PAM模块限制资源:
# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so 

可以禁用ipv6

cat >> /etc/modprobe.d/ipv6.conf <<EOF
alias net-pf-10 off
alias ipv6 off
EOF

ssh安全去除ssh远程DNS认证

sed -i 's/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i 's/GSSAPIAuthentication yes/GSSAPIAuthentication no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

sed -i "s/#PubkeyAuthentication yes/PubkeyAuthentication yes/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config

sed -i "s/^PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config

systemctl restart sshd

安全

关闭 selinux 如果是在内网机器关了也没关系 

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

查看SELinux状态
getenforce


#临时关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
#永久防火墙开机自启动
systemctl disable firewalld
#临时打开防火墙
systemctl start firewalld
#防火墙开机启动
systemctl enable firewalld
#查看防火墙状态
systemctl status firewalld


新机器 测试 web  不关闭可能报错
ERR_ADDRESS_UNREACHABLE


fail2ban

设置时区

如果时间不对 请 看 

Linux时间同步的那些事儿

 yum install ntp 
  timedatectl set-ntp true

rm -f /etc/localtime
cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

see also

Debian服务器初始化

references

centos7初始化脚本.bash

Linux 服务器初始化

CentOS 7 运维优化

CentOS 7安装完成后初始化

CentOS 7 新装服务器部署流程

CentOS7操作系统初始化

如何使用 fail2ban 防御 SSH 服务器的暴力破解攻击

CentOS7 安装ifconfig

Linux服务器初始化配置脚本

Linux服务器初始化调优及安全加固

Centos7 初始化硬盘分区、挂载

kernel

Linux系统swappiness参数在内存与交换分区之间优化作用