“Debian服务器初始化”的版本间的差异
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[[Salt-ssh批量初始化机器]] | [[Salt-ssh批量初始化机器]] | ||
[https://debian-handbook.info/browse/zh-CN/stable/sect.how-to-migrate.html Debian 管理员手册] | [https://debian-handbook.info/browse/zh-CN/stable/sect.how-to-migrate.html Debian 管理员手册] | ||
| + | =os install= | ||
| + | 有时候会出现 select and install software 等等几个小时的情况 应该是不要选择mirrors就好了 安装后再自己加 | ||
| + | |||
| + | debian 系统老旧版本iso下载 good | ||
| + | |||
| + | https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/archive | ||
| + | |||
| + | 这里我们发现，在默认情况下，对于此处的每个发行版，他们将所有映像保留为jigdo格式，以节省空间和下载时间。但是保留每个系列的最新版本的ISO映像。 | ||
| + | 首先在Who are we?找到我们需要的版本，这里我直接下载ISO映像，所以我选择了Debian8系列的最新版本8.10.0 | ||
| + | 选择amd64 | ||
| + | |||
= os init= | = os init= | ||
| + | Gentoo Linux 手册 非常有学习的价值 | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[容器初始化]] | ||
== change sources == | == change sources == | ||
==if docker== | ==if docker== | ||
[[利用Dockerfile修改容器中的apt源(debian源)]] | [[利用Dockerfile修改容器中的apt源(debian源)]] | ||
| + | ===11 === | ||
| + | <pre> | ||
| + | cat /etc/apt/sources.list | ||
| + | |||
| + | deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main | ||
| + | deb-src http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | or | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib | ||
| + | deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib | ||
| + | deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bullseye/updates main | ||
| + | deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bullseye/updates main | ||
| + | deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib | ||
| + | deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib | ||
| + | deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib | ||
| + | deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib | ||
| + | |||
| + | </pre> | ||
| + | |||
===10源=== | ===10源=== | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
| 第70行： | 第108行： | ||
==常用软件== | ==常用软件== | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
| + | |||
| + | #alias | ||
| + | cp /etc/profile /etc/profile_bak | ||
| + | echo "alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -l'" >>/etc/profile && source /etc/profile | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
useradd -d /data/evan -s /bin/bash -m evan | useradd -d /data/evan -s /bin/bash -m evan | ||
数m表示如果该目录不存在，则创建该目录 | 数m表示如果该目录不存在，则创建该目录 | ||
| − | apt install net-tools procps rsync wget w3m vim build-essential dnsutils tmux curl sudo lsb-release iotop software-properties-common -y # 说明 dig dnsutils firewalld screen 暂时不要 | + | apt install net-tools procps rsync wget w3m vim build-essential gcc dnsutils tmux curl sudo lsb-release iotop software-properties-common -y # 说明 dig dnsutils firewalld screen 暂时不要 |
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | #troubleshooting 163的源可能有问题 | ||
| + | build-essential | ||
| + | |||
| + | perl : Depends: perl-base (= 5.32.1-4) but 5.32.1-4+deb11u1 is to be installed | ||
| + | E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. | ||
| + | |||
#全面的开发工具 | #全面的开发工具 | ||
| 第86行： | 第138行： | ||
安装Fail2Ban | 安装Fail2Ban | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | #安装上传rz、下载sz工具 | ||
| + | sudo apt-get install lrzsz | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
| 第104行： | 第160行： | ||
| − | + | #有效果 2021 | |
echo "export TZ='Asia/Shanghai'" >> /etc/profile | echo "export TZ='Asia/Shanghai'" >> /etc/profile | ||
cat /etc/profile |grep TZ | cat /etc/profile |grep TZ | ||
| 第131行： | 第187行： | ||
==firewalld== | ==firewalld== | ||
| − | + | 这个不错,ufw 用得少,用这个更加统一 May 23 2022 | |
| − | 详情可见 [[Centos7 firewalld防火墙基础]] | + | 详情可见 [[Centos7 debian firewalld防火墙基础]] |
[https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-and-configure-firewalld-on-debian/ How To Install and Configure Firewalld on Debian 10] | [https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-and-configure-firewalld-on-debian/ How To Install and Configure Firewalld on Debian 10] | ||
[https://ywnz.com/linuxaq/5495.html 在Debian 10（Buster）上安装和配置Firewalld] | [https://ywnz.com/linuxaq/5495.html 在Debian 10（Buster）上安装和配置Firewalld] | ||
| + | |||
| + | = 优化optimize= | ||
| + | |||
| + | [https://www.cnblogs.com/coding-my-life/p/11220989.html debian设置limits.conf] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [https://github.com/mostamazing/mostamazing/issues/28 linux 里ulimit永久生效设置（debian9 64] | ||
=9 update to 10= | =9 update to 10= | ||
2022年6月17日 (五) 07:18的最新版本
目录
os install
有时候会出现 select and install software 等等几个小时的情况 应该是不要选择mirrors就好了 安装后再自己加
debian 系统老旧版本iso下载 good
https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/archive
这里我们发现，在默认情况下，对于此处的每个发行版，他们将所有映像保留为jigdo格式，以节省空间和下载时间。但是保留每个系列的最新版本的ISO映像。 首先在Who are we?找到我们需要的版本，这里我直接下载ISO映像，所以我选择了Debian8系列的最新版本8.10.0 选择amd64
os init
Gentoo Linux 手册 非常有学习的价值
change sources
if docker
利用Dockerfile修改容器中的apt源(debian源)
11
cat /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main deb-src http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main or deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bullseye/updates main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bullseye/updates main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
10源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
9 源
echo 'deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib ' >sources.list
ssh config
openssh apt-get install openssh-client openssh-server 这个要先安装 不然自启动会不成功 如何激活服务并在启动时启用或禁用服务（即系统启动时自动启动服务） # systemctl is-active ssh.service systemctl enable ssh.service # systemctl disable ssh.service echo "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC you_prk_key root@ops " >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys sed -i "s/#PubkeyAuthentication yes/PubkeyAuthentication yes/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -i "s/^PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -i "s/^#PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config systemctl restart sshd #service sshd restart 补充 服务端 chown -R 0700 ~/.ssh chown -R 0644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 客户端改一下 chmod 600 id_rsa
常用软件
#alias cp /etc/profile /etc/profile_bak echo "alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -l'" >>/etc/profile && source /etc/profile useradd -d /data/evan -s /bin/bash -m evan 数m表示如果该目录不存在，则创建该目录 apt install net-tools procps rsync wget w3m vim build-essential gcc dnsutils tmux curl sudo lsb-release iotop software-properties-common -y # 说明 dig dnsutils firewalld screen 暂时不要 #troubleshooting 163的源可能有问题 build-essential perl : Depends: perl-base (= 5.32.1-4) but 5.32.1-4+deb11u1 is to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. #全面的开发工具 sudo apt install git golang build-essential gcc g++ gdb libboost-dev make automake autogen autoconf cscope global cmake cmake-gui astyle clang-format clang llvm lldb libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 bison flex ruby-dev linux-headers-`uname -r` #ps 说明 apt install procps mariadb-client 安装Fail2Ban #安装上传rz、下载sz工具 sudo apt-get install lrzsz
时间同步
UTC时区切换到CST 时区 #用这个啦 # 设置亚洲时区 tzselect 有时不准 timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai # 启用NTP同步 #关闭是 false timedatectl set-ntp yes #有效果 2021 echo "export TZ='Asia/Shanghai'" >> /etc/profile cat /etc/profile |grep TZ source /etc/profile date -R #时区查看 date Sat Aug 19 17:03:17 CST 2017 校正日期和时间 linux256 cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/ShangHai /etc/localtime #时区为亚洲/上海 # 网络校时 apt-get install ntpdate ntpdate 210.72.145.44 # 中国国家时间服务器: 210.72.145.44 # 手动校时 sudo date -s 11/13/2019 #2019年11月13日 sudo date -s 10:05:30 #10点05分30秒
security
ufw
firewalld
这个不错,ufw 用得少,用这个更加统一 May 23 2022
详情可见 Centos7 debian firewalld防火墙基础
How To Install and Configure Firewalld on Debian 10
在Debian 10（Buster）上安装和配置Firewalld
优化optimize
linux 里ulimit永久生效设置（debian9 64
9 update to 10
sudo apt dist-upgrade -y #在之前改成 10的源
在QCLOUD上升级失败了 可以试一下他们自己的源
https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/dists/
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1473368
故障
报错1
Reading package lists... E: Release file for http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/dists/stretch-updates/InRelease is expired (invalid since 69d 5h 56min 7s). Updates for this repository will not be applied. E: Release file for http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/dists/stretch-backports/InRelease is expired (invalid since 69d 5h 56min 7s). Updates for this repository will not be applied. E: Release file for http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/dists/stretch/updates/InRelease is expired (invalid since 66d 14h 56min 48s). Updates for this repository will not be applied. ERROR: Service 'php-worker' failed to build: The command '/bin/sh -c apt-get update' returned a non-zero code: 100
处理
########################################################################### # Crontab ########################################################################### RUN rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list RUN rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/buster.list COPY sources.list /etc/apt/ RUN apt -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false update RUN apt-get update RUN apt-get clean RUN apt-get install -y apt-transport-https RUN apt install -y cron vim RUN ["service","cron","start"] cat php-worker/sources.list deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch main
报错2
Error message “sudo: unable to resolve host (none)”
That /etc/hosts has an entry for localhost. It should have something like:
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 127.0.1.1 you-hostname
参考
Debian服务器的初始化配置-Google Authenticator
