2024年10月22日 (二) 06:14的最新版本

* usage

** cpu

 import psutil                                                                                                                                                        

In [3]: psutil.cpu_count()                                                                                                                                                   
Out[3]: 12

In [4]: psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)                                                                                                                                      
Out[4]: 6


统计CPU的用户／系统／空闲时间：


In [5]: psutil.cpu_times()                                                                                                                                                   
Out[5]: scputimes(user=7503.18, nice=16.75, system=2506.54, idle=383529.04, iowait=670.68, irq=0.0, softirq=471.62, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0)


再实现类似top命令的CPU使用率，每秒刷新一次，累计10次：

>>> for x in range(10):
...     print(psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1, percpu=True))

** 内存

In [6]:  psutil.virtual_memory()                                                                                                                                             
Out[6]: svmem(total=16472592384, available=12100411392, percent=26.5, used=3397423104, free=8617963520, active=4693372928, inactive=1953992704, buffers=678100992, cached=3779104768, shared=629567488, slab=543322112)

'''
返回的是字节Byte为单位的整数
重点关注的参数是：
    1.total表示内存总的大小
    2.percent表示实际已经使用的内存占比。
    3.available表示还可以使用的内存。
    4.uused表示已经使用的内存
'''


🍒使用total获取内存总大小
>>> psutil.virtual_memory().total
2028425216

🍒使用获取已经使用的内存
>>> psutil.virtual_memory().used
865882112

🍧使用free获取剩余的内存
>>> psutil.virtual_memory().free
805871616

** 磁盘信息主要两部分，一个是磁盘的利用率，一个是io。获取磁盘相关

*** 3.1、psutil.disk_partitions()获取磁盘分区信息

   disk_partitions([all=False])：以命名元组的形式返回所有已挂载的磁盘，包含磁盘名称，挂载点，文件系统类型等信息。

   当all等于True时，返回包含/proc等特殊文件系统的挂载信息

   🥞获取磁盘分区的信息
   >>> psutil.disk_partitions()
   [sdiskpart(device='/dev/sda3', mountpoint='/', fstype='xfs', opts='rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota', maxfile=255, maxpath=4096), sdiskpart(device='/dev/loop1', mountpoint='/snap/core18/1944', fstype='squashfs', opts='ro,nodev,relatime', maxfile=256, maxpath=4096),。...sdiskpart(device='/dev/loop6', mountpoint='/snap/snap-store/467', fstype='squashfs', opts='ro,nodev,relatime', maxfile=256, maxpath=4096), sdiskpart(device='/dev/sda1', mountpoint='/boot', fstype='xfs', opts='rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota', maxfile=255, maxpath=4096)]

   >>> io = psutil.disk_partitions()
   >>> print(io[-1])
   sdiskpart(device='/dev/sr0', mountpoint='/media/shawn/Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS amd64', fstype='iso9660', opts='ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime,nojoliet,check=s,map=n,blocksize=2048,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmode=500,fmode=400', maxfile=255, maxpath=4096)
   >>>

*** 3.2、psutil.disk_usage()获取路径所在磁盘的使用情况

   disk_usage(path)：以命名元组的形式返回path所在磁盘的使用情况，包括磁盘的容量、已经使用的磁盘容量、磁盘的空间利用率等。

🍿获取根分区的使用情况 >>> psutil.disk_usage('/') sdiskusage(total=101184290816, used=8805330944, free=92378959872, percent=8.7) >>>

*** 3.3、disk_io_counters获取io统计信息

   disk_io_counters([perdisk])：以命名元组的形式返回磁盘io统计信息(汇总的)，包括读、写的次数，读、写的字节数等。
   当perdisk的值为True，则分别列出单个磁盘的统计信息(字典：key为磁盘名称，value为统计的namedtuple)。

🍳获取磁盘总的io个数，读写信息 >>> psutil.disk_io_counters() sdiskio(read_count=60919, write_count=448417, read_bytes=1582292480, write_bytes=31438750208, read_time=50157, write_time=259374, read_merged_count=2527, write_merged_count=44226, busy_time=1096900)

补充说明 read_count(读IO数) write_count(写IO数) read_bytes(读IO字节数) write_bytes(写IO字节数) read_time(磁盘读时间) write_time(磁盘写时间)

🍚获取单个分区的IO和读写信息 >>> psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True) {'loop0': sdiskio(read_count=43, write_count=0, read_bytes=358400, write_bytes=0, read_time=28, write_time=0, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=44), 'loop1': sdiskio(read_count=424, write_count=0, read_bytes=6236160, write_bytes=0, read_time=277, write_time=0, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=956),... write_merged_count=985, busy_time=1132488)}

** 获取网络信息

监控进程

import psutil
import time

def monitor_php_processes():
    while True:
        # 获取所有进程信息
        php_processes = [p for p in psutil.process_iter(attrs=['pid', 'name', 'status', 'cpu_percent', 'memory_info']) if 'php' in p.info['name'].lower()]
        
        if php_processes:
            print(f"{'PID':<10} {'Name':<20} {'Status':<10} {'CPU %':<10} {'Memory (MB)':<15}")
            print("=" * 70)
            for process in php_processes:
                mem = process.info['memory_info'].rss / (1024 * 1024)  # Convert bytes to MB
                print(f"{process.info['pid']:<10} {process.info['name']:<20} {process.info['status']:<10} {process.info['cpu_percent']:<10} {mem:<15.2f}")
        else:
            print("No PHP processes found.")

        # 等待一段时间再检查
        time.sleep(5)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    monitor_php_processes()


tmp sudo py3  moni-php.py
No PHP processes found.
^CTraceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/evan/data/tmp/moni-php.py", line 22, in <module>
    monitor_php_processes()
  File "/home/evan/data/tmp/moni-php.py", line 19, in monitor_php_processes
    time.sleep(5)
KeyboardInterrupt

➜  tmp sudo py3  moni-php.py
PID        Name                 Status     CPU %      Memory (MB)    
======================================================================
1635       apache2              sleeping   0.0        24.22          
1636       apache2              sleeping   0.0        6.41           
1638       apache2              sleeping   0.0        12.10          
1639       apache2              sleeping   0.0        12.10          
1640       apache2              sleeping   0.0        12.10          
1641       apache2              sleeping   0.0        12.10          
1642       apache2              sleeping   0.0        12.10          
^CTraceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/evan/data/tmp/moni-php.py", line 22, in <module>
    monitor_php_processes()
  File "/home/evan/data/tmp/moni-php.py", line 19, in monitor_php_processes
    time.sleep(5)
KeyboardInterrupt

** sensors_传感器

psutil模块还未我们提供了可以查看获取计算机硬件、电池状态、硬件风扇速度等

>>> import psutil

🍝返回硬件的信息 >>> psutil.sensors_temperatures() {'acpitz': [shwtemp(label=, current=47.0, high=103.0, critical=103.0)],

'asus': [shwtemp(label=, current=47.0, high=None, critical=None)],
'coretemp': [shwtemp(label='Physical id 0', current=52.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0),
             shwtemp(label='Core 0', current=45.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0)]}

>>>

🍟返回电池状态 >>> psutil.sensors_fans() {'asus': [sfan(label='cpu_fan', current=3200)]} >>>

🍘返回硬件风扇速度 >>> psutil.sensors_battery() sbattery(percent=93, secsleft=16628, power_plugged=False) >>>

🍋返回硬件温度 >>> psutil.sensors_temperatures(fahrenheit=False)

dva例子

In [2]: import psutil                                                                 

In [3]:  dic = psutil.net_if_addrs()                                                  

In [4]: dic                                                                           
Out[4]: 
{'lo': [snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='127.0.0.1', netmask='255.0.0.0', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
  snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='::1', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
  snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='00:00:00:00:00:00', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp=None)],
 'wlan0': [snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='192.168.88.108', netmask='255.255.255.0', broadcast='192.168.88.255', ptp=None),
  snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='fd67:f843:530::d8d', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
  snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='fd67:f843:530:0:521e:82c5:9e16:3b2', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
  snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='fe80::d4c9:9f38:df07:bd12%wlan0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
  snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='60:f2:62:a8:3a:f9', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)],
 'eth0': [snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='34:48:ed:90:24:e3', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)]}

In [5]: def getIP(): 
   ...:     """获取ipv4地址""" 
   ...:     dic = psutil.net_if_addrs() 
   ...:     ipv4_list = [] 
   ...:     for adapter in dic: 
   ...:         snicList = dic[adapter] 
   ...:         for snic in snicList: 
   ...:             if snic.family.name == 'AF_INET': 
   ...:                 ipv4 = snic.address 
   ...:                 if ipv4 != '127.0.0.1': 
   ...:                     ipv4_list.append(ipv4) 
   ...:     if len(ipv4_list) >= 1: 
   ...:         return ipv4_list[0] 
   ...:     else: 
   ...:         return None 
   ...:                                                                               

In [6]: getIP()                                                                       
Out[6]: '192.168.88.108'


不错的解说过程 


def getIP():
    """获取ipv4地址"""
    dic = psutil.net_if_addrs()
    ipv4_list = []
    for adapter in dic:
        snicList = dic[adapter]
        for snic in snicList:
            if snic.family.name == 'AF_INET':
                ipv4 = snic.address
                if ipv4 != '127.0.0.1':
                    ipv4_list.append(ipv4)
    if len(ipv4_list) >= 1:
        return ipv4_list[0]
    else:
        return None

'''

In [14]: for adapter in dic: 
    ...:     snicList = dic[adapter] 
    ...:     print(snicList) 
    ...:     print('**************') 
    ...:     type(snicList) 
    ...:                                                            
[snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='127.0.0.1', netmask='255.0.0.0', broadcast=None, ptp=None), snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='::1', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff', broadcast=None, ptp=None), snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='00:00:00:00:00:00', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp=None)]
**************
[snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='192.168.88.108', netmask='255.255.255.0', broadcast='192.168.88.255', ptp=None), snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='fd67:f843:530::d8d', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff', broadcast=None, ptp=None), snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='fd67:f843:530:0:521e:82c5:9e16:3b2', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None), snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='fe80::d4c9:9f38:df07:bd12%wlan0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None), snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='60:f2:62:a8:3a:f9', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)]
**************
[snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='34:48:ed:90:24:e3', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)]
**************


In [15]: for adapter in dic: 
    ...:     snicList = dic[adapter] 
    ...:     for snic in snicList: 
    ...:         print('zzzzzz') 
    ...:         print(snic) 
    ...:          
    ...:                                                                                      
zzzzzz
snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='127.0.0.1', netmask='255.0.0.0', broadcast=None, ptp=None)
zzzzzz
snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='::1', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff', broadcast=None, ptp=None)
zzzzzz
snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='00:00:00:00:00:00', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp=None)
zzzzzz
snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='192.168.88.108', netmask='255.255.255.0', broadcast='192.168.88.255', ptp=None)
zzzzzz
snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='fd67:f843:530::d8d', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff', broadcast=None, ptp=None)
zzzzzz
snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='fd67:f843:530:0:521e:82c5:9e16:3b2', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None)
zzzzzz
snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='fe80::d4c9:9f38:df07:bd12%wlan0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None)
zzzzzz
snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='60:f2:62:a8:3a:f9', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)
zzzzzz
snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='34:48:ed:90:24:e3', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)

In [16]: for adapter in dic: 
    ...:     snicList = dic[adapter] 
    ...:     for snic in snicList: 
    ...:         if snic.family.name == 'AF_INET': 
    ...:             ipv4 = snic.address 
    ...:             ipv4_list.append(ipv4) 
    ...:             print(ipv4_list) 
    ...:                                                                              
['127.0.0.1']
['127.0.0.1', '192.168.88.108']






'''






def getIP():
    """获取ipv4地址"""
    dic = psutil.net_if_addrs()
    ipv4_list = []
    for adapter in dic:
        snicList = dic[adapter]
        for snic in snicList:
            if snic.family.name == 'AF_INET':
                ipv4 = snic.address
                if ipv4 != '127.0.0.1':
                    ipv4_list.append(ipv4)
    if len(ipv4_list) >= 1:
        return ipv4_list[0]
    else:
        return None

查看系统硬件脚本

#!/usr/bin/python3
#coding:utf-8
##查看系统硬件脚本

import psutil
import datetime
import time

# 当前时间
now_time = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time()))
print(now_time)

# 查看cpu物理个数的信息
print(u"物理CPU个数: %s" % psutil.cpu_count(logical=False))

#CPU的使用率
cpu = (str(psutil.cpu_percent(1))) + '%'
print(u"cup使用率: %s" % cpu)

#查看内存信息,剩余内存.free  总共.total
#round()函数方法为返回浮点数x的四舍五入值。

free = str(round(psutil.virtual_memory().free / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0), 2))
total = str(round(psutil.virtual_memory().total / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0), 2))
memory = int(psutil.virtual_memory().total - psutil.virtual_memory().free) / float(psutil.virtual_memory().total)
print(u"物理内存： %s G" % total)
print(u"剩余物理内存： %s G" % free)
print(u"物理内存使用率： %s %%" % int(memory * 100))
# 系统启动时间
print(u"系统启动时间: %s" % datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

# 系统用户
users_count = len(psutil.users())
#
# >>> for u in psutil.users():
# ...   print(u)
# ...
# suser(name='root', terminal='pts/0', host='61.135.18.162', started=1505483904.0)
# suser(name='root', terminal='pts/5', host='61.135.18.162', started=1505469056.0)
# >>> u.name
# 'root'
# >>> u.terminal
# 'pts/5'
# >>> u.host
# '61.135.18.162'
# >>> u.started
# 1505469056.0
# >>>

users_list = ",".join([u.name for u in psutil.users()])
print(u"当前有%s个用户，分别是 %s" % (users_count, users_list))

#网卡，可以得到网卡属性，连接数，当前流量等信息
net = psutil.net_io_counters()
bytes_sent = '{0:.2f} Mb'.format(net.bytes_recv / 1024 / 1024)
bytes_rcvd = '{0:.2f} Mb'.format(net.bytes_sent / 1024 / 1024)
print(u"网卡接收流量 %s 网卡发送流量 %s" % (bytes_rcvd, bytes_sent))

io = psutil.disk_partitions()
# print(io)
# print("io[-1]为",io[-1])
#del io[-1]

print('-----------------------------磁盘信息---------------------------------------')

print("系统磁盘信息：" + str(io))

for i in io:
    o = psutil.disk_usage(i.device)
    print("总容量：" + str(int(o.total / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0))) + "G")
    print("已用容量：" + str(int(o.used / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0))) + "G")
    print("可用容量：" + str(int(o.free / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0))) + "G")

print('-----------------------------进程信息-------------------------------------')
# 查看系统全部进程
for pnum in psutil.pids():
    p = psutil.Process(pnum)
    print(u"进程名 %-20s  内存利用率 %-18s 进程状态 %-10s 创建时间 %-10s " \
    % (p.name(), p.memory_percent(), p.status(), p.create_time()))




evan@myxps:~/tmp$ python3  ps.py 
2021-07-18-15:00:08
物理CPU个数: 6
cup使用率: 2.8%
物理内存： 15.34 G
剩余物理内存： 9.19 G
物理内存使用率： 40 %
系统启动时间: 2021-07-18 11:35:59
当前有1个用户，分别是 evan
网卡接收流量 48.04 Mb 网卡发送流量 971.19 Mb
-----------------------------磁盘信息---------------------------------------
系统磁盘信息：[sdiskpart(device='/dev/nvme0n1p8', mountpoint='/', fstype='ext4', opts='rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro', maxfile=255, maxpath=4096), sdiskpart(device='/dev/nvme0n1p9', mountpoint='/home/evan/data', fstype='ext4', opts='rw,relatime', maxfile=255, maxpath=4096), sdiskpart(device='/dev/nvme0n1p1', mountpoint='/boot/efi', fstype='vfat', opts='rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro', maxfile=1530, maxpath=4096)]
总容量：7G
已用容量：0G
可用容量：7G
总容量：7G
已用容量：0G
可用容量：7G
总容量：7G
已用容量：0G
可用容量：7G
-----------------------------进程信息-------------------------------------
进程名 systemd               内存利用率 0.06825592315949582 进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 kthreadd              内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 rcu_gp                内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 idle       创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 rcu_par_gp            内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 idle       创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 kworker/0:0H-kblockd  内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 idle       创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 mm_percpu_wq          内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 idle       创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 ksoftirqd/0           内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 rcu_sched             内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 idle       创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 migration/0           内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 cpuhp/0               内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 cpuhp/1               内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 migration/1           内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 ksoftirqd/1           内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 kworker/1:0H-events_highpri  内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 idle       创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 cpuhp/2               内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 migration/2           内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 ksoftirqd/2           内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 kworker/2:0H-kblockd  内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 idle       创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 cpuhp/3               内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 migration/3           内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 ksoftirqd/3           内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 kworker/3:0H-events_highpri  内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 idle       创建时间 1626579359.07 
进程名 cpuhp/4               内存利用率 0.0                进程状态 sleeping   创建时间 1626579359.07

* see also

psutil

python模块之psutil详解

Python运维自动化psutil 模块详解（超级详细）

PYTHON通过psutil模块实时监测cpu、内存、网速运行情况

“Psutil”的版本间的差异