查看“Freebsd桌面初始化”的源代码

=home 双硬盘得记得有OS第一启动不然不行的=
改一下sata线就行了 不用改bioss 

=freebsd13 进阶=
[https://www.jianshu.com/p/83b2beab425c freebsd安装后的配置]

[https://blog.csdn.net/cheviko/article/details/17607841  FreeBSD安装各种字体]

[https://github.com/DiscoverBSD/awesome-bsd Awesome BSD]

FreeBSD关机和重启命令



立即关机,但是不关闭电源:
 shutdown -h now

立即关机,并且关闭电源:
 shutdown -p now

重启命令 or reboot 
 shutdown -r now

=用户需知=


 Absolute BSD




因此对于FreeBSD用户，需要根据情况选择使用不同的版本。对于正式使用，应该选择stable版本，而对于进行学习、研究、开发FreeBSD，可以考虑使用current版本。 是么 

如何升级 current版本呢

[https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/49203814 FreeBSD入门概论]

[https://www.v2ex.com/t/460137 freebsd 有这么强悍呢？能做什么呢？]

[https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.2R/installation.html FreeBSD 12.2-RELEASE Installation Instructions]

[https://mirrors.163.com/freebsd/snapshots/ISO-IMAGES/13.0/ freebsd13 download]
<pre>
Tip:
#xps上写入U盘  

  如果U盘子是PE 不能DD  只能 rufus etc  
sudo dd if=FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img of=/dev/sda bs=1M conv=sync

https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/13.0/FreeBSD-13.0-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img

https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/releases/ISO-IMAGES/12.2/FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img

注意    wget -c https://mirrors.aliyun.com/freebsd/releases/ISO-IMAGES/12.2/FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img.xz && xz -d   FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img.xz
这次 sha512sum FreeBSD-12.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img 才是对的 一开始下载的 img文件校验不对 注意国内的下载 


https://mirrors.aliyun.com/freebsd/releases/ISO-IMAGES/12.2/
#写入U盘
 dd if=/path/to/downloaded.iso of=/dev/rdiskN bs=1m



Invite evan into other groups?  wheel

 FreeBSD12

 如果是有兴趣，要有进步的 直接上freebsd  

[https://www.v2ex.com/t/460137 freebsd 有这么强悍呢？能做什么呢]

今天在家成功安装了freebsd12  并连上wifi  freebsd11连不上

现在双硬盘也是成功的 1t 作为了home  昨天的安装好了 再mount硬盘居然是不行的，一开机就死了了，不过现在是GPT加bios 兼容模式
gnome3 to leav  xfce is good for use

桌面用户如何？ 家里不用理 带个 freebsd latop 上班就行了 


这几天更新firefox 70 失败 用port 居然有很多软件消失了 ，例如 fcitx-qt5  liboffice

</pre>
  Note: Users who prefer to install FreeBSD using a graphical installer may be interested in FuryBSD, GhostBSD or MidnightBSD.

整个项目全挂了  202011.1
如果你读过我的TrueOS 评论并且有兴趣尝试使用桌面 BSD 或已经使用 TrueOS，请不要担心（这对于生活来说也是一个很好的建议）。TrueOS 的所有桌面元素都将剥离到 Project Trident。目前，Project Trident 网站的细节不多。他们仿佛还在进行剥离的幕后工作。
如果你目前拥有 TrueOS，则无需担心迁移。TrueOS 团队表示，“对于那些希望迁移到其他基于 FreeBSD 的发行版，如 Project Trident 或 GhostBSD 的人而言将会有迁移方式。
[https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/39736459 TrueOS不再想要成为“桌面 BSD”了]


TW的文档是新式，天朝的太老了
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/index.html

[https://forums.internetfreedom.org/index.php?topic=29988.0  FuryBSD 12.1 简体中文（汉化）桌面，启用 ipfw 防火墙，简体中文输入法设置方法，]
=os install=
[[安装freebsd]]

=双系统=
<pre>
grub引导freebsd:

grub2建议不要手工修改启动菜单/boot/grub2/grub.cfg，而是

修改/etc/grub.d/及/etc/default/grub后，通过命令grub2-mkconfig来生成。命令如下：

sudo nano /etc/grub.d/40_custom,写入：

menuentry 'freebsd'{

insmod ufs2

set root='hd1,msdos1' 

kfreebsd /boot/loader

}

（我是安装freebsd在第二块硬盘的第一主分区(dev/sdb1)，hd1,msdos1,如果安装在第一快硬盘的第一主分区(dev/sda1)，应写作，hd0,msdos1,如果第二快硬盘的第一逻辑分区(dev/sdb5)，应为，hd1,msdos5,第一硬盘的第一逻辑分区(dev/sda5),应为hd0,msdos5,应为逻辑分区从5开始命名，主分区命名为从1到4）

</pre>
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGPvt3pQfaw Install FreeBSD 10 in UEFI Mode (Dual Boot Windows 8/8.1/10)]

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/REFInd_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)

=freebsd12 on elitebook 问题 后来解决了2020=
 U盘子 delete-> f9->USB -
1. 中文输入法老是调不出来  无论是fcitx  ibus scim 

2. lxqt 界面 会假死，虽然在远程还可以ssh

=laptop=

https://wiki.freebsd.org/Laptops

=furybsd停止了啦=

 login gropu is evan          wheel

=nomadbsd=
 https://nomadbsd.org/download.html

<pre>

Linux

# lzma -d nomadbsd-x.y.z.img.lzma
# dd bs=1M if=nomadbsd-x.y.z.img of=/dev/sdX conv=fsync

or

# xzcat nomadbsd-x.y.z.img.lzma | dd of=/dev/sdX bs=1M

FreeBSD

# lzma -d nomadbsd-x.y.z.img.lzma
# dd if=nomadbsd-x.y.z.img of=/dev/daX bs=1m

or

# xzcat nomadbsd-x.y.z.img.lzma | dd of=/dev/daX bs=1m


Installing Linux® packages

Before you can install Linux® packages it is necessary to enable Linux® binary compatibility. Let's say you want to install linux-sublime you can proceed as follows:

# kldload linux
# sysrc linux_enable=YES
# pkg install linux-sublime

</pre>
https://rufus.ie/

https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/linuxemu-lbc-install.html

=pre-configure=
<pre>
Pkg源地址更换为USTC：

官方源配置是 /etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf ，请先检查该文件内容。注意其中的 url 参数配置了官方仓库的地址，我们需要把它替换为镜像站的地址。 该配置文件是 FreeBSD 基本系统的一部分，会随着 freebsd-update 更新，请不要直接修改，而是创建 /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf 覆盖配置，文件内容如下：

FreeBSD: {
url: "pkg+http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-pkg/${ABI}/quarterly",
}
如果要使用滚动更新的 latest 仓库，把 url 配置最后的 quarterly 换成 latest 即可。 修改配置后，运行 pkg update -f 更新索引。

</pre>
=更新=
<pre>
更新。FreeBSD和Linux中更新的不同之处在于，内核和软件包是分开更新的，
内核使用 freebsd-update 更新，
而软件包使用 pkg upgrade 更新。

常用命令。
        安装软件：sudo pkg install xxx
        安装本地包：sudo pkg add ./xxx
        列出安装的包：sudo pkg info
        列出设备：sudo pciconf -l
        列出内核模块：sudo kldstat
</pre>

=configure start=
==0基本系统已安装 没有gui==


[[安装freebsd]]

[http://blog.linuxchina.net/?p=1047 freebsd 添加用户]

===字体 ===
<pre>

pkg install -y  wqy-fonts
#下面这个不要用了 
cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/wqy
make install clean
#没有字体 显示中文时为乱码  elemtry os 那个什么 open 开头的字体好好看 

编辑/usr/local/etc/fonts/conf.d/85-wqy.conf这个文件，找到下面这两行（ 现在不是这二行了 应该在第99、100行）：

查找  compare="less_eq"  freebsd12 有5个

<test name="size" compare="less_eq"><int>16</int></test>
<edit name="antialias" mode="assign"><bool>false</bool></edit>
把less_eq后面的int值从16改成8即可。这两行的意思是对于所有小于16号的字体都禁用抗锯齿（match居然写的target=”font”，匹配了所有字体），一个最简单的workaround就是把禁用抗锯齿的字号改小一点，8号是个不错的值，因为太小的字用抗锯齿反而会模糊。

这样字体就美美的 </pre>

https://www.librehat.com/solve-freebsd-dragonflybsd-font-antialiasing-settings-invalid-issues/
https://www.freebsdchina.org/forum/viewtopic.php?p=291166&sid=3b2dad0b46fafdb9a54757d673fef516

===xorg GUI 开始 ===
<pre>
pkg install -y  xorg
#yes |pkg install xorg

 pkg  install xf86-video-intel
pkg  install  -y xrandr

/etc/rc.conf
hald_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"

#pkg install gdm   #  gnome3-lite #gnome3 有点显卡闪屏 2021年依然如此  还是 xfce好
</pre>
[https://freebsdfoundation.org/freebsd-project/resources/installing-a-desktop-environment-on-freebsd/ Installing a Desktop Environment on FreeBSD]

===lightdm===
<pre>
sysrc lightdm_enable="YES"


freebsd-update -r 13.2-RELEASE upgrade
reboot
   188	0:04	history
   189	0:04	/usr/sbin/freebsd-update install

</pre>
===slim===
<pre>
pkg install -y slim-themes slim
/usr/local/etc/slim.conf
#sessiondir   /usr/local/share/xsessions
# ...
current_theme fbsd

ls  /usr/local/share/slim/themes/
archlinux-simple    fbsd                gentoo-simple       mindlock            scotland-road
capernoited         fingerprint         gnewsense           parallel-dimensions subway
debian-moreblue     flat                lake                rainbow             wave
default             flower2             lunar               rear-window         zenwalk



</pre>
====usage====
<pre>单用户环境
要将SLiM配置为加载某个特定的环境，只需编辑~/.xinitrc 如下：

#!/bin/sh

#
# ~/.xinitrc
#
# Executed by startx (run your window manager from here)
#

exec [session-command]
将[session-command]替换为适当的会话命令。例如：

exec awesome
exec xfce4-session
exec dwm
exec startfluxbox
exec fvwm2
exec gnome-session
exec openbox-session
exec startkde
exec startlxde
exec startxfce4
exec enlightenment_start
</pre>

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/SLiM_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)

https://www.c0ffee.net/blog/freebsd-on-a-laptop/#slim

===xfce 2021 ===
<pre>

但是会卡  现在上i3 

 i3  lightdm-gtk-greeter   lightdm  
  lightdm_enable="YES"


pkg install -y xorg 

pkg install -y  graphics/drm-kmod xfce  slim

pkg install  -y libva-intel-driver # (intel高清解码器）

pkg install -y  xf86-video-intel #（intel开源程序）
pkg install -y  v2ray
# v2ray_enable="YES"


 cat .xinitrc
. /usr/local/etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc
#ck-launch-session /usr/local/bin/startlxqt
#exec awesome
export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8
#fcitx &

#注意了 这个 YES 前后不能空格 eg  " YES"
 cat /etc/rc.conf
hostname="bsdelite.linuxsa.org"
#wlans_iwm0="wlan0"
#ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
sshd_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"
hald_enable="YES"
# Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable
dumpdev="AUTO"

#这个在安装时要选择
moused_enable=" YES" 
ifconfig_em0="DHCP"
slim_enable="yes"
kld_list="i915kms"

defaultrouter="192.168.10.1"

vim  .xinitrc 
exec xfce4-session

init 6  #reboot os 

fcitx wubi  在xfce 是成功的



#drm解说 
具体设置请看https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics）（drm-kmod包含了intel和ati驱动），我是集成显卡，所以用intel驱动



slim 

Alternatively, just put the following entry in /etc/rc.conf:

slim_enable=yes

*** Option "sessions" is no longer supported. ***

Now you need to put session files in the directory specified by option
"sessiondir". They should be xdg-style .desktop files.

WARNING: the default behaviour in parsing .xinitrc file has changed!
         You can now set a default xsession as described here:
         https://github.com/iwamatsu/slim/pull/1
         You can turn back to random xsession selection by compiling
         this port without the option XDEFAULT.
</pre>
这参考  居然好过官方  厉害了 

https://www.linuxhelp.com/how-to-install-xfce-desktop-in-freebsd

===lxqt ===
<pre>
pkg install lxqt    # sudo pkg delete lxqt # 输入法不好用 老调不出来  放弃
</pre>
https://wiki.freebsd.org/LXQt

===awesome===
<pre>
pkg install -y awesome
# cp /usr/local/etc/xdg/awesome/rc.lua .config/awesome/ #这个不要，我们后面会操作的 在配置里面
echo "exec awesome" >> .xinitrc
chmod +x ~/.xinitrc
</pre>

===gnome===
<pre>
#注意 这个用起来还是有点卡 ,虽然我是16G RAM , xfce4 就不会   Mon May  3 13:41:20 CST 2021
pkg install gnome3  vlc 
pkg install gnome-desktop gdm xorg gnome3

have gdm can not add this  我一开始加了这个没用 
#echo 'exec gnome-session'  >> ~/.xinitrc


root@bsd-latop:~ # cat  /etc/rc.conf
hostname="bsd-latop"

##wifi 
wlans_iwm0="wlan0"
ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"

# evan 
gnome_enable="YES"
moused_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"
hald_enable="YES"
gdm_enable="YES"

sshd_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"
hald_enable="YES"

sendmail_enable="NONE"
# Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable
#dumpdev="AUTO"
ifconfig_em0="DHCP"
#slim_enable="yes"
defaultrouter="192.168.10.1"

#vboxnet_enable="YES"
#v2ray_enable="YES"
#v2ray_enable="NO"



 cat .xinitrc
#!/bin/bash
#success if u run xmonad  must open it 
#/home/evan/.xmonad/autostart.sh

#xautolock -time 10 -locker "i3lock  -b  -i '/home/evan/wallpaper/2020-02-04_14-46.png'" &
xautolock -time 30 -locker "i3lock  -b  -i '/home/evan/wallpaper/sj.png'" &
sudo  /usr/local/bin/networkmgr &
#networkmgr &

export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8
#export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx
#if [ -x /usr/local/bin/fcitx   ]; then
#	/usr/local/bin/fcitx &
#fi
#if [ -x /usr/local/bin/synapse  ]; then
#    /usr/local/bin/synapse &
#fi
#
#run desktop
#exec  /usr/local/bin/xmonad

#exec awesome

#. /usr/local/etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc

#exec /usr/local/bin/i3

#ck-launch-session /usr/local/bin/startlxqt
exec gnome-session

#export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
#export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8
#export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8
#export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx
#if [ -x /usr/local/bin/fcitx   ]; then
#	/usr/local/bin/fcitx &
#fi
#if [ -x /usr/local/bin/synapse  ]; then
#    /usr/local/bin/synapse &
#fi


</pre>
https://www.osradar.com/how-to-install-gnome-or-plasma5-kde-on-freebsd-12/

===电池条 xbattbar ===
===时间设置===
<pre>
先用bsdconfig-->network -->  不行再date 

date 201908122145
2019年 8月12日 星期一 21时45分00秒 CST

</pre>

===xrand===
<pre>
#at  elitebook
 xrandr --output DP2 --same-as   eDP1  --mode 1366x768  --output DP2 --mode 1920x1080

#I3只有这个有效果  上面那个 是完全 只有一半 感觉没有了另外一半  哈哈 
xrandr --output DP2      --mode 1920x1080    --output eDP1 --off




#at 神舟
#xrandr --output HDMI-1 --same-as   LVDS-1  --mode 1366x768  --output HDMI-1 --mode 1920x1080

##kali 
#on home
# if vga on home   24 1920*1080
#xrandr --output VGA-1 --same-as   LVDS-1  --mode 1366x768  --output VGA-1 --mode 1920x1080

#if hdmi on home
#xrandr --output HDMI-1 --same-as   LVDS-1  --mode 1366x768  --output HDMI-1 --mode 1920x1080
#只开启外外接显示器
xrandr --output  HDMI-1  --mode 1920x1080 --output LVDS-1 --off

#HDMI-1 connected 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 527mm x 296mm

#xrandr --output HDMI-1  --same-as   --mode 1366x768  --output HDMI-1 --mode 1920x1080+0+0 
# on work
#xrandr --output VGA1  --same-as LVDS1 --mode  1920x1080  --output LVDS1 --mode 1366x768


</pre>

===wifi===
<pre>

首先 安装freebsd12 时，就选择wifi连接网络，不要插网线 

Add an entry for this network to /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf. If the file does not exist, create it. 

network={
	ssid="myssid"
	psk="mypsk"
}

Add entries to /etc/rc.conf to configure the network on startup:

wlans_ath0="wlan0"
ifconfig_wlan0="WPA SYNCDHCP"


Restart the computer, or restart the network service to connect to the network:

# service netif restar


#in me 


##wifi 
wlans_iwm0="wlan0"
ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"


</pre>
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/network-wireless.html

===显示器 之亮度 及双显示器 ===
<pre>

freebsd 上有个 亮度设置   rofi search  rd 就可以出来 
#我的
root@bsd-latop:~ # sudo kldload acpi_video; sudo sysctl hw.acpi.video.crt0.brightness=30
hw.acpi.video.crt0.brightness: 80 -> 30

查看
 sysctl hw.acpi.video

hw.acpi.video.out2.active: 1
hw.acpi.video.out1.active: 1
hw.acpi.video.out0.active: 1
hw.acpi.video.ext2.active: 1
hw.acpi.video.ext1.active: 1
hw.acpi.video.ext0.active: 1
hw.acpi.video.lcd0.active: 1
hw.acpi.video.crt0.levels: 80 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 69 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
hw.acpi.video.crt0.economy: 50
hw.acpi.video.crt0.fullpower: 80
hw.acpi.video.crt0.brightness: 80
hw.acpi.video.crt0.active: 1


别人的例子
kldload acpi_video; sysctl hw.acpi.video.lcd0.brightness=30 试试


</pre>

[http://www.bsdart.org/freebsd-%e4%b8%8b%e5%8f%8c%e6%98%be%e7%a4%ba%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae/ FreeBSD 下双显示器的设置]

===pkg 源更新和系统更新===
<pre>
很多时候你不得不更新，不然安装了新软件后，就各种问题  dm卡死什么的

mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/

#直接换成官方 
Unable to update repository FreeBSD

 mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos
 echo 'FreeBSD: { url: "pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/${ABI}/latest" }' > /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf
pkg update -f



sudo pkg install security/ca_root_nss
vi /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf
FreeBSD: {
  url: "pkg+https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-pkg/${ABI}/quarterly",
 #url: "pkg+http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-pkg/${ABI}/quarterly",
}

# Apr  2024  will upgrade it to FreeBSD 13.2
freebsd-update -r 13.2-RELEASE upgrade
/usr/sbin/freebsd-update install
reboot
/usr/sbin/freebsd-update install


#Dec 10 2022    will upgrade it to FreeBSD 13.1
freebsd-update -r 13.1-RELEASE upgrade



#repository update
pkg update -f
pkg update

#系统更新 
pkg upgrade 

# 有这个问题 用上面的 pkg upgrade  以后少点升级
version FBSD_1.7 required by /usr/local/lib/libpython3.9.so.1.0

</pre>

https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#updating-upgrading-synopsis

[https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.1R/installation.html FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE Installation Instructions]
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/freebsd-pkg.html

https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/pkgng-intro.html

===更新单个软件===
<pre>

这里以firefox为例子 

pkg install firefox #就可以直接升级了 

Installed packages to be UPGRADED:
	firefox: 68.0.1_1,1 -> 69.0.2,1
	telegram: 1.4.1.g20161227_5 -> 1.4.1.g20161227_6
	protobuf: 3.7.1,1 -> 3.9.2,1
	libevent: 2.1.10 -> 2.1.11
	libqtxdg: 3.3.0 -> 3.3.0_1

Installed packages to be REINSTALLED:
	mysql57-server-5.7.27 (direct dependency changed: perl5)

Number of packages to be upgraded: 5
Number of packages to be reinstalled: 1

The operation will free 1 MiB.
64 MiB to be downloaded.

</pre>

===ports 加速===
<pre>
sudo pkg install axel

vi /etc/make.conf
#加入以下内容
FETCH_CMD=axel
FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS= -n 10 -a
FETCH_AFTER_ARGS=
DISABLE_SIZE=yes
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=\
http://ports.hshh.org/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\
http://ports.cn.freebsd.org/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\
#ftp://ftp.freeBSDchina.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP}
#MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/

vi /etc/portsnap.conf
把

SERVERNAME=portsnap.freebsd.org

修改成：

SERVERNAME=portsnap.hshh.org

这个是他的更新服务器。另外还有几个国内比较快的portsnap服务器：

portsnap.hshh.org

portsnap2.hshh.org

portsnap3.hshh.org (网通)

portsnap4.hshh.org
</pre>

===更新ports===
<pre>

在 /etc/make.conf 中添加以下内容（如果文件不存在，则新建之）：

MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/



cat  /etc/portsnap.conf  | grep cn
SERVERNAME=portsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org

fetch 获取数据
extract 释放全部ports
update 更新ports
第一次使用可以portsnap fetch extract

以后使用可以 portsnap fetch update
portsnap extract; portsnap update

现在的亚洲pkg mirrors
pkg0.twn.freebsd.org
</pre>

http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/freebsd-ports.html

[https://blog.csdn.net/joyous/article/details/81990019 FreeBSD 11.1 发行版在线升级到 FreeBSD 11.2 发行版]

[https://blog.csdn.net/lanzh_syf/article/details/86599445 FreeBSD 12 国内源提速 pkg 和 ports 做个笔记]

[https://www.cnblogs.com/apexchu/p/4131821.html Freebsd 下如何最有效率的安装软件]

[http://blog.linuxchina.net/?p=1039 freebsd 安装ports以及加速]

[https://blog.csdn.net/pengsixiang/article/details/4224141 使用国内镜像给FreeBSD的Ports安装加速]

[https://blog.csdn.net/pengsixiang/article/details/7458136 FreeBSD Fetch和Tar的妙用]


[https://www.zhihu.com/question/264793642 怎么看待FreeBSD官方对镜像站的封闭管理]

= april  30 2021 20190808 new add=
<pre>
#汉化不完整,xfce里面有点有汉的 
pkg install  graphics/drm-kmod 

 cat /etc/rc.conf
hostname="bsdpc"
ifconfig_re0="DHCP"
sshd_enable="YES"
# Set dumpdev to "AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable
dumpdev="AUTO"
hald_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"
moused_enable="YES"
slim_enable="yes"
kld_list="i915kms"

#不然 Cannot run in framebuffer mode. Please specify busIDs

root@freebsd:/home/evan # cat /etc/fstab
# Custom /etc/fstab for FreeBSD VM images
/dev/gpt/rootfs   /       ufs     rw      1       1
/dev/gpt/swapfs  none    swap    sw      0       0


% echo 'ck-launch-session /usr/local/bin/startlxqt' > ~/.xinitrc

pkg install xorg 


安装：
pkg install xorg
//在/etc/rc.conf文件内添加如下内容：


 cat  /etc/rc.conf
hostname="freebsd"
moused_enable="YES"
moused_nodefault_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"
hald_enable="YES"
ifconfig_DEFAULT="DHCP inet6 accept_rtadv"
sshd_enable="YES"
slim_enable="yes"
#lightdm_enable="YES"


pkg install xrandr   remmina synapse

pkg  install awesome  

pkg install telegram # or pidgim </pre>
https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/running-telegram-gui.51494/

添加 新硬盘  这个会出错  只有在安装时就两个硬盘 并分区就没事

参考官方是最好的 2021
https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/bsdinstall/#using-bsdinstall


Aug 9 2019 

[https://blog.csdn.net/tg2003/article/details/80569955 FreeBSD本地化]


[http://blog.linuxchina.net/?p=1039 freebsd 安装ports以及加速]

[https://blog.csdn.net/pengsixiang/article/details/4224141 使用国内镜像给FreeBSD的Ports安装加速]

[https://blog.csdn.net/pengsixiang/article/details/7458136 FreeBSD Fetch和Tar的妙用]


[https://www.zhihu.com/question/264793642 怎么看待FreeBSD官方对镜像站的封闭管理]


[https://blog.csdn.net/lanzh_syf/article/details/86635083 freebsd12 安装gnome3图形界面]



docker on freebsd
https://wiki.freebsd.org/Docker

jails 


--------------------- 

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/MoeDisk/article/details/87028238


==1 安装 gui 相关==
=== 安装===
<pre>#不用 portnaps 直接pkg 
#昨晚这个默认居然是没有cn的 我去 搞半天 ,还是改一下比较好滴 
vi /etc/portsnap.conf
SERVERNAME=portsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org

#不安装gnome3 就没有gdm，但是没办法单独安装gdm   
pkg install  xorg mate  slim   #没了 xf86-video-fbdev ?

#[Install CINNAMON Desktop Environment]
 pkg install cinnamon
#20170331
#Lightdm is in the ports tree. 
pkg install x11/lightdm

For lightdm to function, it requires one of the available greeters to be
installed, which are available in the ports tree at x11/lightdm-*greeter*

# 记得要添加这个DM Add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf to enable the LightDM:
lightdm_enable="YES"

# pkg install terminology</pre>

===配置 和开机自启动===
<pre>vi /etc/fstab
proc /proc procfs rw 0 0
sysrc  'hald_enable=YES'  'dbus_enable=YES' 'slim_enable=YES'     #'gdm_enable=YES' 
</pre>

=== 中文化===
<pre> 

只有中文化后 才能调用fcitx 五笔哦 不然没中文输入
2019

编辑用户的环境文件：
#vi ~/.cshrc      //增加如下内容
setenv LANG         zh_CN.UTF-8     
setenv LC_CTYPE     zh_CN.UTF-8 
setenv LC_ALL       zh_CN.UTF-8
//添加完后退出当前会话，重新进入。
#locale    //显示当前用户环境
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8


用户级：
修改用户根目录文件.login_conf： 这个好像加了无效 201908
me:\
        :lang=zh_CN.UTF-8:\
        :setenv=LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8:\
        :setenv=LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8:\
        :setenv=LC_COLLATE=zh_CN.UTF-8:\
        :setenv=LC_TIME=zh_CN.UTF-8:\
        :setenv=LC_NUMERIC=zh_CN.UTF-8:\
        :setenv=LC_MONETARY=zh_CN.UTF-8:\
        :setenv=LC_MESSAGES=zh_CN.UTF-8:\
        :charset=UTF-8:\
        :xmodifiers="@im=SCIM": #这里我假设你使用SCIM
在英文界面下运行中文输入法:

startx 开启 gnome 或 gdm 开始登录gnome

我在 ~/.xinitrc中加入了:


cat .xinitrc 
#ck-launch-session /usr/local/bin/startlxqt
exec awesome
export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8
fcitx &

2019

export LC_CTYPE=“zh_CN.UTF-8” export XMODIFIERS=@im=SCIM export GTK_IM_MODULE=xim export QT_IM_DODULE=xim export XIM_PROGRAM=“scim -d” scim -d



#汉化  第一次失败了 第二再重装一下又好了 2017
$ vi  .xinitrc 
export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8
#exec mate-session 不用这个 mate 默认没有gdm了 如果用slim 还是要用这个</pre>

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20377663-id-114464.html

https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/2203007741278957948.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/misstaste/p/5177011.html



https://www.cnblogs.com/sinx/p/10585930.html

=== update ports===
<pre>


SERVERNAME=portsnap.hshh.org


http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/freebsd-ports.html



https://www.cnblogs.com/yibinboy/articles/6136704.html




pkg install firefox 
</pre>
http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/freebsd-ports.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/yibinboy/articles/6136704.html

https://blog.csdn.net/lanzh_syf/article/details/86599445

===输入法 2021 特别好看在xfce===
==== install ====
<pre>
# fcitx wubi  在xfce 是成功的
##记得 一定要加上chinese/ 不然是pkg 不到东西的  #fcitx-qt5 qt支持 不然在telegarm不能打字 
pkg install chinese/fcitx  chinese/fcitx-configtool chinese/fcitx-table-extra  chinese/fcitx-ui-light fcitx-qt5


#skin 
/usr/local/share/fcitx/skin/dark

我放在 .config/fcitx/skin  可以看到 但是用不了  无法加载皮肤36，回到默认皮肤 应试是皮肤不对 
 
</pre>
下載後放在 .config/fcitx/skin   下創建一個對應的目錄就行了 


[https://github.com/hosxy/fcitx-skin 基于sogou拼音皮肤修改的fcitx皮肤]

[https://bbs.deepin.org/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=168146 两款简洁的fcitx皮肤 ]

[https://forum.suse.org.cn/t/fcitx-artwork-fcitx/731 Fcitx 输入法皮肤制作全教程]

[https://blog.csdn.net/Luo_Jin/article/details/102842437 Fcitx使用搜狗词库与皮肤]

==== configure ====
<pre>

Note:
默认输入状态 非激活 不然 老是默认中文 影响 commmond

fcitx-diagnose  #查看相关的模块 非常不错的命令

vi .cshrc

#Note just for csh
setenv LANG         zh_CN.UTF-8
setenv LC_CTYPE     zh_CN.UTF-8
setenv LC_ALL       zh_CN.UTF-8

# evan 4 fcitx  家目录下的.profile中加入 有人写 这里的
setenv  XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx
setenv  GTK_IM_MODULE fcitx
setenv  QT_IM_MODULE fcitx
export GTK3_IM_MODULE=fcitx
setenv  XIM=fcitx


下面这些只是提示而已 

③如果使用的Shell是bash或sh：
cat .cshrc

export XMODIFIERS='@im=fcitx'
export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx

我暂时是这个哦 
④如果使用的Shell是csh或tcsh ：
setenv  XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx
setenv  GTK_IM_MODULE fcitx
setenv  QT_IM_MODULE fcitx
⑤开机启动设置
系统-->首选项-->启动应用程序
添加fcitx




evan@home:~ % cat .xinitrc 
export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8.UTF-8
export XMODIFIERS='@im=fcitx'	
export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export GTK3_IM_MODULE=fcitx

mkdir -p ~/.config/autostart/
cp /usr/local/share/applications/fcitx.desktop     ~/.config/autostart/


pkg  prompt 
Message from zh-fcitx-4.2.9.6_2:

************************************************************************

Remember to set the environment variable XMODIFIERS:

        csh/tcsh:       setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx
        sh/bash:        export XMODIFIERS='@im=fcitx'

For GTK+ programs, you may want to set:

        csh/tcsh:       setenv GTK_IM_MODULE fcitx
                        setenv GTK3_IM_MODULE fcitx
        sh/bash:        export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
                        export GTK3_IM_MODULE=fcitx

For Qt4 programs, we recommend you to use

        qtconfig-qt4: /usr/ports/misc/qt4-qtconfig

instead of to manually set QT4_IM_MODULE.

To start fcitx with your desktop, just

        cp /usr/local/share/applications/fcitx.desktop \
            ~/.config/autostart/

************************************************************************
Message from zh-fcitx-ui-light-0.1.3_2:

************************************************************************

Replace your `fcitx` command with
        fcitx -u fcitx-light-ui
to start Fcitx with this lightweight UI.

**************************************************************


</pre>


[[https://ultra-technology.org/freebsd/chinese-japanese-korean-input-freebsd/ Writing Chinese, Japanese, Korean in FreeBSD with fcitx]]

=== ops and develop  ===
<pre>pkg install git  rsync sudo vim bash   terminal anjuta vsftp  xfce4-terminal gcc
echo 'evan ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:NOPASSWD:ALL' >/usr/local/etc/sudoers.d/evan

pkg install  python
https://docs.python.org/2.7/using/unix.html
https://docs.python.org/3.3/using/unix.html

# python  ide 
 pkg install python  intellij-pycharm
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2  /usr/bin/python


pkg install editors/emacs
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/developers-handbook/emacs.html

pkg install terminator

#dig 
 pkg  install  dns/bind-tools
run one of these commands:
sudo pkg install devel/py-pip
sudo pkg install py39-pip 

sudo pip install ipython

# #sudo pkg install py37-pip

evan@bsd-latop:~/lx/zabbix/api_zbx % sudo pkg search urllib3
py27-urllib3-1.22,1            HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post, and more
py36-urllib3-1.22,1            HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post, and more


</pre>

====更改freebsd shell为bash vi 为vim ====
==== install ====
<pre>pkg install bash vim 
root@home:~ # where  vi
/usr/bin/vi

mv /usr/bin/vi /usr/bin/bakvi && ln -s /usr/local/bin/vim  /usr/bin/vi</pre>

====设置bash====
<pre>
tcsh (发音为/tiːˈsiːʃɛl/ tee-SEE-shel, /ˈtiːʃɛl/ TEE-shel, 是一个向下兼容c shell的Unix shell。它本质上是为c shell增加命令补完，命令编辑等其他功能。 当前作为FreeBSD和其延伸发行版的默认shell。


evan# whereis bash
bash: /usr/local/bin/bash 

#sudo mv /bin/sh /bin/bak_sh

##做了下面这个ln 以后我们把平时在linux下跑的 shell 脚本拿到freebsd跑，也绝大部分没问题了
ln -s /usr/local/bin/bash /bin/bash
#ln -s /usr/local/bin/bash /bin/sh


evan# chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash
chsh: user information updated
注销重启后 如下 搞定
[root@evan ~]# echo $SHELL
/usr/local/bin/bash

sudo chsh -s /bin/tcsh


#这两个干啥
tcsh -s /bin/bash
tcsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash


chsh命令：

chsh 这个命令现在一般被用来替换,usermod -s 命令即更改用户登录的shell。其常用的只有两个参数　-l 和 -s 

chsh -l 起到的作用是列出当前系统的所有shell




#anjuta log
===========================================================================
Note that some standard Python modules are provided as separate ports
as they require additional dependencies. They are available as:

py35-gdbm       databases/py35-gdbm
py35-sqlite3    databases/py35-sqlite3
py35-tkinter    x11-toolkits/py35-tkinter
===========================================================================
</pre>

====7zip====
<pre>
 archivers/p7zip

1. 解压缩文件
# 7z x 解压缩文件
注意的是如果类似libpcap-0.7.1.tar.gz，一次性7z x libpcap-0.7.1.tar.gz后，7z会解压出文件libpcap-0.7.1.tar这一层，这个时候再一次7z x libpcap-0.7.1.tar就可以啦。
2.压缩文件的参数是a
# 7z a filename.7z 要压缩的文件或者目录
3.其他
# 7z e，e这个参数很有意思，也是解压，但和x参数不同 有的就解不了 如 tar , gz
4.更多的使用7z -h看说明! 另外，apt安装p7aip后还有个命令7za，不知道和7z有什么区别
</pre>

=applications=
==终端==
<pre>
sudo pkg install tilda
</pre>


==health[[Linux 下的护眼软件]]==
<pre>
sudo pkg install  redshift redshift-gtk
</pre>


https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/compiling-redshift-color-temperature-app.17693/

==rednotebook==
<pre>

sudo pkg install deskutils/rednotebook

下载 src  https://rednotebook.sourceforge.io/downloads.html


sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/bash /bin/bash

sudo pkg install devel/py-yaml
#sudo pkg install py36-yaml # 这个是老的名 

sudo python3.6 setup.py install

如何添加快捷方式  上次是在源码里面找到办法的

暂时这样 

sudo mv /usr/local/bin/rednotebook /usr/local/bin/bakrednotebook

~/tmp/rednotebook-2.15 % sudo cp ./rednotebook/rednotebook /usr/local/bin/rednotebook



ERROR PyYAML not found. Please install it (python3-yaml).
sudo pkg install devel/py-yaml
</pre>
https://www.freshports.org/devel/py-yaml/

http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3568241-1-1.html

==ss==
<pre>
ss
 pkg install shadowsocks-libev
 # or cd /usr/ports/net/shadowsocks-libev/ && make install clean


</pre>
[http://wiki.linuxchina.net/index.php?title=Chrome%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87shadowsocks%E7%BF%BB%E5%A2%99#linux.28debian_pc.29_or_freebsd12 Chrome通过shadowsocks翻墙]

==Document Viewers==
  sudo pkg install   Okular    epdfview   #Okular好用 #mupdf 只有命令行界面  # atril 好用 但是是安装上整个mate桌面
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/desktop-viewers.html

==IM==

===telegram===
  sudo pkg install telegram-desktop # 其它都不对 sudo pkg install telegram  #/usr/ports/net-im/telegram && make install clean
  在界面顶部的搜索框中输入@zh_CN

===IRC===
   sudo pkg install hexchat konversation

== 影音== 
[https://freebsdfoundation.org/freebsd-project/resources/audio-on-freebsd/  Audio on FreeBSD – Quick Guide]


<pre>pkg install -y   celluloid  vlc audacious   audacious-skins   multimedia/audacious-plugins archivers/unzip  mplayer smplayer  gnome-mplayer    qmmp   audio/audacity
 </pre>
===audacious-skins===
https://pakeklinux.wordpress.com/2010/11/17/the-best-audacious-skin-that-i-know/

https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1115066

 sudo cp -a ~/tmp/Audacious\ grey\ theme/Audacious\ grey\ theme/*  /usr/share/audacious/Skins/grep/

==ftp ==
<pre>service 自带了ftp 
FreeBSD includes FTP server software, ftpd, in the base system.
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/network-ftp.html
#ftp client 
pkg install filezilla
</pre>

==Browsers==
<pre>pkg install netsurf  midori falkon  chromium  firefox-esr#  firefox # firefox这个在配置那里就可以选择 add 中文 

falkon
ld-elf.so.1: /usr/local/lib/qt5/libQt5Core.so.5: version Qt_5.13 required by /usr/local/bin/falkon not found

#今天 更新到firefox 70 然后起不来了 Segmentation fault (core dumped)


fetch https://download.cdn.mozilla.net/pub/firefox/releases/70.0/source/firefox-70.0.source.tar.xz

 :/usr/ports/www/firefox # make install clean


https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/desktop-browsers.html

## log 
Message from chromium-56.0.2924.87_1:
For correct operation, shared memory support has to be enabled
in Chromium by performing the following command as root :

sysctl kern.ipc.shm_allow_removed=1

To preserve this setting across reboots, append the following
to /etc/sysctl.conf :

kern.ipc.shm_allow_removed=1


安装flashplayer插件

安装 nspluginwrapper  this is  only for firefox ?
cd /usr/ports/www/nspluginwrapper    
make    
make install
安装 linux-c6-flashplugin11
cd /usr/ports/www/linux-c6-flashplugin11   
make  
make install
执行nspluginwrapper -v -a -i
若报错Kernel too old, 执行命令sysctl compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.18
修改/etc/sysctl.conf, 增加compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.18
修改/etc/fstab
linproc /usr/compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 0



#这个是 也是手册上的哦 
cd /usr/ports/www/linux-flashplayer
make install clean 


备注

安装步骤参考FreeBSD Handbook
安装nspluginwrapper会安装linux_base-c6
注意安装的版本</pre>


=== firefox ===
<pre>
% sudo  pkg search firefox
firefox-73.0.1,1               Web browser based on the browser portion of Mozilla
firefox-esr-68.5.0_1,1         Web browser based on the browser portion of Mozilla

要把 .mozilla/ 目录先删除  再 重装 firefox-esr 就可以同步回插件等等所有东西回来了 
sudo pkg install   firefox # firefox-esr 
要更新整个系统，不然 firefox 更新不成功的 


字体设置 记得这个不要勾上
允许页面选择自己的字体代替您的上述选择(A


</pre>


https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/desktop-browsers.html

[https://daemon-notes.com/articles/desktop/firefox Firefox/Flash on FreeBSD]

==remmina==
<pre>
pkg install -y remmina
#默认没有rdp 等协议
To install the port: cd /usr/ports/net/remmina-plugins/ && make install clean
To add the package: pkg install remmina-plugins
</pre>
https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/rdp-or-vnc-for-access-to-remote-windows-machine.53651/

https://www.freshports.org/net/remmina-plugins/

==网络管理工具==
<pre> networkmgr

.xinitrc 里面启动 图标好难看

essage from networkmgr-3.1:

--
Any bug reports or request of new feature should be addressed at:
    https://github.com/GhostBSD/networkmgr/issues

Make sure that the /usr/local/etc/doas.conf have someting simular like this:

    permit nopass keepenv root
    permit :wheel 
    permit nopass keepenv :wheel cmd netcardmgr
    permit nopass keepenv :wheel cmd ifconfig
    permit nopass keepenv :wheel cmd service

When rebooting it should automaticaly start is the desktop support xdg and make
sure that the user using NetworkMgr is in the wheel group.

</pre>
https://vermaden.wordpress.com/2018/03/24/freebsd-network-management-with-network-sh-script/

==启动器==
  pkg install -y rofi #这个就好 其它不要了 不好用 不高级  哈哈 
 synapse

 gmrun # 配置文件  cat  /etc/gmrunrc

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Rofi

https://www.cnblogs.com/siyingcheng/p/11706215.html
https://hacpai.com/article/1552717494529

https://itgoyo.github.io/2019/01/28/%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E6%8A%98%E8%85%BE%E4%B8%AARofi%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE/

https://github.com/davatorium/rofi/wiki/themes

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Gmrun

==文件管理器==
<pre>
pcmanfm
</pre>

==edit==
<pre>
pkg install  gedit geany  gnote   gnome-calculator#算机器  #madedit
</pre>

==USB 镜像写入器 ==
Etcher 是一个由 http://resin.io 开发的 USB 镜像写入器。它是一个跨平台的应用，可以帮助你将 ZIP、ISO、IMG 格式的镜像文件写入到 USB 存储中

==svn==
 pkg install subversion && pkg install kdesvn  # or esvn
 
[[Svn基础]]

[https://blog.csdn.net/xujianhua815926/article/details/468811 在FreeBSD上安装SVN（Subversion）]

==office==
=== libreoffice===
<pre>  Gnumeric 电子表格
sudo pkg install libreoffice
pushd  /usr/ports/chinese/libreoffice-zh_CN  && sudo make  install clean
</pre>
[https://www.libreofficechina.org/ LibreOffice 中文社区]

==虚拟化 ==
<pre>#FreeBSD as a Host with VirtualBox
sudo pkg instal -yl emulators/virtualbox-ose 


sudo pkg install virtualbox-ose-additions #不然没办法在freebsd12 上安装debian10.04 依然失败
#普通用户启动
sudo pw groupmod vboxusers -m evan

sudo sysrc vboxnet_enable

#现在是这样启动的
sudo virtualbox




=====
Message from virtualbox-ose-6.1.18:

--
VirtualBox was installed.

You need to load the vboxdrv kernel module via /boot/loader.conf:

vboxdrv_load="YES"

You also have to add all users to your vboxusers group in order to use vbox.

% pw groupmod vboxusers -m jerry

Reboot the machine to load the needed kernel modules.


Bridging Support:
=================

For bridged networking please add the following line to your /etc/rc.conf:

vboxnet_enable="YES"


USB Support:
============

For USB support your user needs to be in the operator group and needs read
and write permissions to the USB device.

% pw groupmod operator -m jerry

Add the following to /etc/devfs.rules (create if it doesn't exist):

[system=10]
add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator

To load these new rule add the following to /etc/rc.conf:

devfs_system_ruleset="system"

Then restart devfs to load the new rules:

% /etc/rc.d/devfs restart


Troubleshooting:
================

Running VirtualBox as non-root user may fail with a fatal error
NS_ERROR_FACTORY_NOT_REGISTERED. In this case delete /tmp/.vbox-*-ipc file.

If you experience "Network: write Failed: Cannot allocate memory" errors
try to increase net.graph.maxdata in /boot/loader.conf

If you are using AIO, then increase these limits (PR#168298):
vfs.aio.max_buf_aio=8192
vfs.aio.max_aio_queue_per_proc=65536
vfs.aio.max_aio_per_proc=8192
vfs.aio.max_aio_queue=65536
To check if AIO is used use: kldstat -v | grep aio

Check wiki page for known issues and troubleshooting:
http://wiki.freebsd.org/VirtualBox


 </pre>

===virtualbox err===
win10  debian10 安装错误  installation step  failed

===note===

<pre>
=============================================================================

VirtualBox was installed.

You need to load the vboxdrv kernel module via /boot/loader.conf:

vboxdrv_load="YES"

You also have to add all users to your vboxusers group in order to use vbox.

% pw groupmod vboxusers -m jerry

Reboot the machine to load the needed kernel modules.


Bridging Support:
=================

For bridged networking please add the following line to your /etc/rc.conf:

vboxnet_enable="YES"


USB Support:
============

For USB support your user needs to be in the operator group and needs read

and write permissions to the USB device.

% pw groupmod operator -m jerry

Add the following to /etc/devfs.rules (create if it doesn't exist):

[system=10]
add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator

To load these new rule add the following to /etc/rc.conf:

devfs_system_ruleset="system"

Then restart devfs to load the new rules:

% /etc/rc.d/devfs restart


Troubleshooting:
================

Running VirtualBox as non-root user may fail with a fatal error
NS_ERROR_FACTORY_NOT_REGISTERED. In this case delete /tmp/.vbox-*-ipc file.
If you experience "Network: write Failed: Cannot allocate memory" errors
try to increase net.graph.maxdata in /boot/loader.conf

If you are using AIO, then increase these limits (PR#168298):
vfs.aio.max_buf_aio=8192
vfs.aio.max_aio_queue_per_proc=65536
vfs.aio.max_aio_per_proc=8192
vfs.aio.max_aio_queue=65536
To check if AIO is used use: kldstat -v | grep aio

Check wiki page for known issues and troubleshooting:
http://wiki.freebsd.org/VirtualBox

Please report any problems to emulation@. Thanks!

</pre>

https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/virtualization-host-virtualbox.html

https://wiki.freebsd.org/VirtualBox

[https://blog.csdn.net/flymyd/article/details/76399861 FREENAS虚拟机Jails配置全攻略（多篇集合）]

== 连接win客户端==
=== rdesktop===
<pre>
pkg  -y install rdesktop
pkg  -y install tsclient

rdesktop是基于命令行的工具，tsclient只是一个图形化的界面，依赖于rdesktop
</pre>

=== remmmina===
==[[远程桌面工具]]==

== CAD ==
  sudo pkg install freecad #0.18
== email==
===thunderbird===
<pre>
201912 现在 打开会100cpu
composition—> language —Download more  就可以下载中文了

Advanced  language  选择chinese

代理配置 
高级 —网络 —连接 
</pre>
[https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/cdddd41cac326353cb00e129.html Thunderbird设置IRC聊天]

[[Thunderbird]]

==server ==
===redis===
<pre>
#redis 3.x compli
gmaek -j2 && sudo gmake  install

/usr/local/bin/redis-server

#自启动
cat  /etc/rc.local
/usr/local/bin/redis-server > /dev/null  

#这个不行 Ambiguous output redirect
/usr/local/bin/redis-server > /dev/null   2 > &1

or
/usr/local/etc/rc.d下面放你的脚本 




cd /usr/ports/databases/redis
make
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/redis start
/usr/local/bin/redis-cli



</pre>
[https://www.cnblogs.com/1q84/archive/2011/12/18/2291840.html FreeBSD下安装redis以及redis_py]

====docker====
https://wiki.freebsd.org/Docker

https://www.oschina.net/p/docker-freebsd

=== 参考===
https://www.c0ffee.net/blog/freebsd-on-a-laptop/

[https://feng.si/posts/2019/06/freebsd-and-risc-v-the-future-of-open-source-iot-ecosystem/ FreeBSD 与 RISC-V: 开源物联网生态系统的未来]

https://wiki.freebsdchina.org/software/a/awesome

[https://wiki.freebsdchina.org/doc/d/freebsd_desktop 使用FreeBSD作为桌面操作系统]


[http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-1780047-1-1.html FreeBSD 桌面系统常用软件清单]

[https://blog.csdn.net/u011152627/article/details/77744795 FreeBSD 配置经验]

[https://wiki.freebsdchina.org/doc/x/freebsd_desktop_xfce FreeBSD桌面-Xfce4]

[https://wiki.freebsdchina.org/doc/p/freebsd_desktop_kde FreeBSD 7 Xorg7.3 KDE3.5 桌面系统安装及美化]

[https://huataihuang.gitbooks.io/cloud-atlas/os/freebsd/ gitbooks.io freebsd]

[https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/developers-handbook/index.html FreeBSD Developers' Handbook]

[https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/developers-handbook/emacs.html ecmacs]

[http://blog.163.com/sujoe_2006/blog/static/3353151201211431245305/ Freebsd 9.0+LXDE桌面安装]



[https://www.cnblogs.com/yibinboy/articles/1818638.html FreeBSD笔记常用命令]

[http://www.2daygeek.com/install-xfce-mate-kde-gnome-cinnamon-desktop-environment-on-freebsd/ Choose the best Desktop for FreeBSD]

https://cooltrainer.org/a-freebsd-desktop-howto/


[https://www.linuxprobe.com/remmina-linux.html 如何使用Remmina从 Linux 上连接到远程桌面]


[https://www.freebsdchina.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=62967 配置FreeBSD 10.0(amd64)fvwm桌面]

[https://blog.csdn.net/xport/article/details/500161 安装远程桌面，VNC Server on FreeBSD + VNC Viewer on Windows ]

== 截图==
===flameshot===
 <pre>pkg install -y flameshot

#conf 
vi ~/.cshrc
alias flameshot  flameshot  gui

source ~/.cshrc
</pre>
[https://linux265.com/soft/3848.html Flameshot - 截图工具]

==下载==
[[下载工具]]
 uget

==图形图片查看==
  gimp  ristretto screenfetch

==development ide==

[[Eclipse]]

  sudo pkg install devel/liteide

==mysql==
<pre>
Message from mysql57-server-5.7.27:
*****************************************************************************

Remember to run mysql_upgrade the first time you start the MySQL server
after an upgrade from an earlier version.

Initial password for first time use of MySQL is saved in $HOME/.mysql_secret
ie. when you want to use "mysql -u root -p" first you should see password
in /root/.mysql_secret

MySQL57 has a default %%ETCDIR%%/my.cnf,
remember to replace it wit your own
or set `mysql_optfile="$YOUR_CNF_FILE` in rc.conf.

*****************************************************************************
Message from akonadi-19.04.2_1:

===============================================================================

KDE Applications versions of Akonadi, KMail, and Kontact use large
messages on the local machine. The default size on FreeBSD is too
small, which causes local connection problems, and Akonadi-based
applications will be flaky (e.g. mailboxes do not display, messages
cannot be found). Increasing the buffer size is recommended:

	sysctl net.local.stream.recvspace=65536
	sysctl net.local.stream.sendspace=65536

===============================================================================

</pre>

==视频编辑==
[https://www.linuxdashen.com/kdenlive%ef%bc%8d-linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%8a%e6%9c%80%e5%bc%ba%e8%a7%86%e9%a2%91%e7%bc%96%e8%be%91%e5%99%a8%ef%bc%8c%e6%b2%a1%e6%9c%89%e4%b9%8b%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%81 Kdenlive－ Linux系统上最强视频编辑器]
==有用的==
<pre>
启用、安装linxu内核。
#kldload linux
#ee /etc/rc.conf
linux_enable=”YES”
#cd /usr/ports/www/linux_base-f10 && make install clean
先安装linux的flash10插件
cd /usr/ports/www/linux-f10-flashplugin10
make install clean （这一步会把libflashplayer.so安装在/usr/local/lib/npapi/linux-f10-flashplugin/libflashplayer.so）
再安装nspluginwrapper
cd /usr/ports/www/nspluginwrapper
make install clean
兼容转换
nspluginwrapper -v -i /usr/local/lib/npapi/linux-f10-flashplugin/libflashplayer.so（这一步会在/usr/local/lib/browser_plugins/ 下生成能在freebsd下使用的npwrapper.libflashplayer.so文件 ）
最后把插件链接到chromium插件目录下
ln -s /usr/local/lib/browser_plugins/npwrapper.libflashplayer.so /usr/local/share/chromium/plugins/
与此同时firefox也可以进行视频播放了，如果还不可以，可以到网上去看看其他教程.

</pre>

==old输入法==

[https://www.xuebuyuan.com/1982862.html FreeBSD 下安装输入法]

[https://blog.csdn.net/cheviko/article/details/17628425 FreeBSD安装汉字输入法：SCIM]

[https://www.freebsdchina.org/forum/viewtopic.php?p=177278  如何配置scim（或skim）]

[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/IBus_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87) IBus (简体中文)]


[https://www.freshports.org/chinese/ibus-table-chinese/ ibus-table-chinese Chinese input tables for IBus]

==== other====
<pre>



 sed -i '' -e 's/memorylocked=128M/memorylocked=256M/' /etc/login.conf
# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf



Remember to set the environment variable XMODIFIERS:

	csh/tcsh:	setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx
	sh/bash:	export XMODIFIERS='@im=fcitx'

For GTK+ programs, you may want to set:

	csh/tcsh:	setenv GTK_IM_MODULE fcitx
			setenv GTK3_IM_MODULE fcitx
	sh/bash:	export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
			export GTK3_IM_MODULE=fcitx






For Qt4 programs, we recommend you to use

	qtconfig-qt4: /usr/ports/misc/qt4-qtconfig

instead of to manually set QT4_IM_MODULE.

To start fcitx with your desktop, just

	cp /usr/local/share/applications/fcitx.desktop \
	    ~/.config/autostart/

************************************************************************
Message from zh-fcitx-ui-light-0.1.3_2:

************************************************************************

Replace your `fcitx` command with
	fcitx -u fcitx-light-ui
to start Fcitx with this lightweight UI.

</pre>
<pre>0.
#添加到管理员组
pw groupmod wheel -m evan 

#enable ssh
 sysrc 'sshd_enable=YES'


 cat  /etc/rc.conf
zfs_enable="YES"
hostname="digitalocean"
ifconfig_vtnet0="dhcp"
sshd_enable="YES"
nginx_enable="YES"
php_fpm_enable="YES"
mysql_enable="YES"
redis_enable="YES"
shadowsocks_libev_enable="YES"



# set time
 ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org

#添加新硬盘到 home 给evan 使用



</pre>

<pre>
fstab 
evan@homebsd:~/kalibak % cat /etc/fstab 
# Device	Mountpoint	FStype	Options	Dump	Pass#
/dev/ada0p1	none		swap	sw	0	0
/dev/ada0p3	/		ufs	rw	1	1
/dev/ada0p4	/home		ufs	rw	2	2
proc /proc procfs rw 0 0


Display manager
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Display_manager_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)

FreeBSD从入门到放弃
https://linxiaohui.gitbooks.io/notes-on-freebsd/content/



Tencent QQ (简体中文)
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Tencent_QQ_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)#.E5.9F.BA.E4.BA.8E_WebQQ


Installing a Desktop Environment on FreeBSD
https://www.freebsdfoundation.org/freebsd/how-to-guides/installing-a-desktop-environment-on-freebsd/#!


How to Install FreeBSD 10.2 with Mate Desktop
http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-freebsd-10-2-mate-desktop/


https://wiki.lxde.org/en/FreeBSD

Installing Mate desktop on FreeBSD 11
http://www.vpierre.it/installing-mate-desktop-on-freebsd-11/

fetch 获取数据
extract 释放全部ports
update 更新ports
第一次使用可以 portsnap fetch extract
以后使用可以 portsnap fetch update
portsnap   extract;  portsnap update

如果写在cron可以用 portsnap cron update

FreeBSD 简明用户指南
install gnome3  kde4 xfce etc 
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/x11-wm.html

Browsers
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/desktop-browsers.html
pkg install firefox 
pkg install swfdec-plugin


MP3 Audio
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/sound-mp3.html

https://bsdelf.github.io/posts/freebsd-brief-user-guide

https://huataihuang.gitbooks.io/cloud-atlas/content/os/freebsd/packages_and_ports.html

https://antumdeluge.wordpress.com/2014/07/19/how-to-install-freebsd/

FreeBSD简单汉化终结篇[基于core font的汉化]
http://bbs.watchstor.com/thread-274706-1-1.html

**********************


安装Firefox的多国语言包
#pkg install firefox35-i18n

你太善良》是香港歌手张智霖，
张惠妹 放开你的头脑


就两个文件 另外一个freebsd10 4 desktop 

program/kindlereader 


 Official Mirrors
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/eresources-web.html
 
SERVERNAME=portsnap.FreeBSD.org
SERVERNAME=portsnap.cn.FreeBSD.org

portsnap fetch extract



桌面相关的官方文档 
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/x11-wm.html

echo 'exec enlightenment_start'  >> ~/.xinitrc

##xfce  这个也是成功了 字体好看  不过是英文的呢喃 加上汉化的就行了 
 pkg install xfce
 
#昨天今天就是少了这一步 看来要多提高英文水平哦 
Unlike GNOME or KDE, Xfce does not provide its own login manager. In order to start Xfce from the command line by typing startx, first add its entry to ~/.xinitrc:

% echo "exec /usr/local/bin/startxfce4 --with-ck-launch" > ~/.xinitrc 
 

##gnome3 

pkg install gnome3  vlc 

have gdm can not add this 
#echo 'exec gnome-session'  >> ~/.xinitrc


http://blog.linuxchina.net/?p=993

https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/x11-wm.html
https://antumdeluge.wordpress.com/2014/07/19/how-to-install-freebsd/

https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/57329/

Installing Mate desktop on FreeBSD 11
http://www.vpierre.it/installing-mate-desktop-on-freebsd-11/</pre>

=ops=
 在bsd上直接叫 md5  linux上是md5sum 
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=md5&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+11.1-RELEASE&arch=default&format=html

==firewall==
<pre>
    防火墙。Linux中使用iptables来做防火墙，不过那个太复杂了，我一般使用 ufw。 FreeBSD中可以使用 ipfw 来管理防火墙，它的用法和ufw差不多：

$ ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $ext_if
</pre>

=优化=
<pre>

sendmail_enable="NONE"
</pre>

==old ==          
<pre>

###fvwm 
FreeBSD汉化+FVWM
http://zqscm.qiniucdn.com/data/20090728100241/index.html

1 中文环境
  pkg_add -r zh-auto-ch-l10n
  这个命令好像作了不少事情，我忘记是否下载了wenquanyi字体，没有的话，再手动来一遍
　pkg_add -r wqy
  下边的不知道是不是必须的
　　在设置好xorg.conf中fontpath的前题下，执行
   fc-cache -fv，让系统加入wqy字体
  输入法如果没下载的话，可以
　pkg_add -r fcitx,我是用五笔的
　然后，配置中文的locale


  在~/.chsrc里，增加
　setenv LANG zh_CN.eucCN
  setenv LC_CTYPE zh_CN.eucCN
 setenv LC_ALL zh_CN.eucCN
  上边是中文local，lc_all好像不是必须要设置的
　下边设置输入法
  setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx

2 fvwm，这个东西小快，够用了
  pkg_add -r fvwm

3 使用fvwm作为桌面
  在~下，找一下有没有.xinitrc文件，没有就搞一个出来
　　内容是
　　exec fvwm
  如果要输入法也一并启动则为
　　fcitx&
    exec fvwm

</pre>

=Troubleshooting=
<pre>

随便更新了一下firefox 70 现在总算可以了 以后少更新点


terminator 启动不了 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/terminator", line 83, in <module>
    from terminatorlib import ipc
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/terminatorlib/ipc.py", line 31, in <module>
    class DBusService(Borg, dbus.service.Object):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/terminatorlib/ipc.py", line 62, in DBusService
    @dbus.service.method(BUS_NAME, in_signature='a{ss}')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/dbus/decorators.py", line 155, in method
    validate_interface_name(dbus_interface)
ValueError: Invalid interface or error name 'net.tenshu.Terminator2-0x3bc8d9c28d7f7322': contains invalid character '-'    

terminator  -u  这样启动就行了 


telegram 等等有关qt的都用不了   firefox70 也好了
Cannot mix incompatible Qt library (version ) with this library (version )

pkg install qt5-core

pkg update -f
pkg update
pkg upgrade 




 telegram-desktop 
ld-elf.so.1: /usr/local/lib/qt5/libQt5Core.so.5: version Qt_5.13 required by /usr/local/bin/telegram-desktop not found
root@bsd-latop:~ # pkg install qt5
root@bsd-latop:~ # telegram-desktop 
ld-elf.so.1: /usr/local/lib/qt5/libQt5Core.so.5: version Qt_5.13 required by /usr/local/bin/telegram-desktop not found
root@bsd-latop:~ # file /usr/local/lib/qt5/libQt5Core.so.5
/usr/local/lib/qt5/libQt5Core.so.5: symbolic link to libQt5Core.so.5.12.2





pkg: cached package *:size mismatch, cannot continue

pkg update -f






</pre>

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/384396/terminator-fails-to-start-in-i686-dbus-issue-in-python

==图形界面失败Cannot run in framebuffer mode. Please specify busIDs ==
[https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/cannot-run-in-framebuffer-mode-please-specify-busids.73592/  Solved Cannot run in framebuffer mode. Please specify busIDs]

https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/cannot-run-in-framebuffer-mode-please-specify-busids.74546/

=zfs  nas=

ZFS 依赖可靠的内存，装在个人机器上直接用ufs. ZFS不适合

从12.0开始，FreeNAS将改名为TrueNAS Core。

同时，zfs创建以后，zpool里面直接创建块设备用zfs create 就可以解决了，那么在/dev/zvol/xxx路径上就会产生一个块设备，其实会关联到一个/dev/zd16类似这样的名称的设备上，但是前者不会盘符漂移，后者会，因此使用的时候多注意一点。还有就是zfs做配额管理这些也非常方便，可以看看oracle的介绍吧。

https://www.freebsd.org/doc/zh_CN/books/handbook/filesystems-zfs.html

[https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/62933164 打造家用NAS之六（2019年版）ZFS介绍]

[https://www.cnblogs.com/pipci/p/10180366.html  初学者指南：ZFS 是什么，为什么要使用 ZFS]

=see also=
www.midnightbsd.org

https://vermaden.wordpress.com/freebsd-desktop/

https://github.com/FreeBSD-Ask/FreeBSD-Ask

[http://www.chinafreebsd.cn/article/59da60970cb81 FreeBSD系统配置 chinafreebsd]

[https://www.cnblogs.com/mocuishle/p/15582173.html FreeBSD-13.0桌面配置（xfce）]

[https://linuxtoy.org/pages/download.html  Linux 相关资料]

[https://www.lulinux.com/archives/5557 Linux桌面常用软件列表 (2019]

                    
[https://www.cnblogs.com/dcb3688/p/4607976.html linux下几个常用软件]
[https://www.cnblogs.com/arxive/p/6057603.html 100款开源软件]

[https://linux.cn/article-8050-1.html 24 款必备的 Linux 桌面应用（2016 版）]

http://www.chinafreebsd.cn/article/59da3fa39561e

[https://blog.csdn.net/xiao_wanpeng/article/category/1134819 csdn freebsd blog]

[http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3769209-1-1.html [FreeBSD<nowiki>]</nowiki> 选择 FreeBSD 六个理由]

[https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/87544910 给Linux用户的FreeBSD快速指南]

[https://blog.csdn.net/striker/article/details/5270856  Freebsd下常用软件介绍]

[http://www.bsdart.org/freebsd-%e4%b8%8b%e5%8f%8c%e6%98%be%e7%a4%ba%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae/  FreeBSD 下双显示器的设置]

freenas Mount ext4 partition
http://blog.linuxchina.net/?p=1782

linux: mount UFS filesystem
http://blog.linuxchina.net/?p=1776

Linux® 用户的 FreeBSD 快速入门向导
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/zh_CN/articles/linux-users/index.html


https://freebsdchina.org/forum/topic_63558.html

https://www.enlightenment.org/distros/freebsd-start

https://www.freebsd.org/doc/zh_CN.UTF-8/books/handbook/updating-upgrading-portsnap.html

https://www.trueos.org/handbook/preinstall.html

[https://www.cnblogs.com/linux-xsj/p/7089069.html Linux下远程桌面连接windows]

[https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30814319/article/details/97236112#sec-20 fvwm 下相关软件]

[https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/87544910 给Linux用户的FreeBSD快速指南]

　[[category:freebsd]]