查看“Django RESTful api”的源代码

=知识点 =
　RESTful API现在很流行，这里是它的介绍 [http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2011/09/restful.html 理解RESTful架构] 和   [http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2014/05/restful_api.html RESTful API设计指南].
按照Django的常规方法当然也可以实现REST，但有一种更快捷、强大的方法，那就是 Django REST framework.它是python的一个模块，通过在Django里面配置就可以把app的models中的各个表实现RESTful API
=django模型类序列化器 ModelSerializer=
<pre>
1. 定义
比如我们创建一个BookInfoSerializer

class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    class Meta:
        model = BookInfo
        fields = '__all__'
 

model 指明参照哪个模型类
fields 指明为模型类的哪些字段生成
2. 指定字段
1) 使用fields来明确字段，__all__表名包含所有字段，也可以写明具体哪些字段，如

class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    class Meta:
        model = BookInfo
        fields = ('id', 'btitle', 'bpub_date')
 2) 使用exclude可以明确排除掉哪些字段

class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    class Meta:
        model = BookInfo
        exclude = ('image',)
 

</pre>

[https://blog.csdn.net/huwei_1993/article/details/81665426 django模型类序列化器 ModelSerializer]

=过程 =
==install ==
<pre>
pip3 install djangorestframework #Django REST Framework
pip3 install markdown       # Markdown support for the browsable API.
pip3 install django-filter  # Filtering support
</pre>

==创建API==

 python3  manage.py  startapp api #当然 得先创建项目 

<pre>



setting.py  添加 
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',
    'api',

]


REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
        'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',
    )
}


 数据库迁移
  python3 manage.py makemigrations
 python3 manage.py migrate



用我以前创建的可以用 

创建数据
点击主页右上角的Log in登录超级管理员账户，然后分别创建Group和User数据


创建用户和组在这里 

HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept

{
    "users": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/?format=api",
    "groups": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/?format=api"
}

 
</pre>

== files==
<pre>

# 接下来需要做的就是创建 Serializer 类，类似于 Form。它的作用就是从你传入的参数中提取出你需要的数据，并把它转化为 json 格式(注意，已经是字节码了),同时支持反序列化到model对象。在 snippets 文件夹中添加 serializers.py 并在其添加如下：
# on api/serializers.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import User,Group
from rest_framework import serializers

class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=User
        fields=('url','username','email','groups')

class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=Group
        fields=('url','name')


解说 
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models

class BookModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:   # 写一个内部类
        model=models.Book   # 该序列化类跟哪个表建立关系
        fields = ['id','title']  # 序列化哪些字段
        # fields = '__all__'  # 序列化全部字段


#视图  on api/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.contrib.auth.models import User,Group
from rest_framework import viewsets
from api.serializers import UserSerializer,GroupSerializer

# Create your views here.
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Group.objects.all()
    serializer_class = GroupSerializer
# Create your views here.


#URL路由配置 项目名下的 /urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import include
from rest_framework import routers
from api import views


router=routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users',views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups',views.GroupViewSet)



urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('',include(router.urls)),
    path('api-auth/',include('rest_framework.urls',namespace='rest_framework')),
    
]


</pre>

=troubleshooting=

=应该是另外一个例子=
这种接口可能和得少 不过学习还是有用的
note 
#on urls.py 
from django.urls import path, include

那个views_api 我放到views on apps(django_web)

[https://www.cnblogs.com/liudinglong/p/12329425.html Django 单元测试笔记]

[https://www.cnblogs.com/liudinglong/p/12333665.html Django Web接口开发]

=see also=
[https://sutune.me/2018/07/20/django-restful-api/ good Django Restful接口开发与测试]

[https://www.cnblogs.com/zhouyang123200/p/6606405.html  利用Django实现RESTful API(一) ]