Centos7服务器初始化
（重定向自Centos7初始化）
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如果机器多
如果机器少
我现在用的shell
#!/bin/bash
#Authon: linuxsa.org 201911
# usage bash osinit.sh 2>&1 | tee osinit.log
#http://wiki.linuxchina.net/index.php/Centos7%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96
#如果在国内 CentOS 7 更换 阿里云/清华大学 yum 软件源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum makecache
#常用开发包 gcc etc
yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
#常用命令 ifconfig etc
yum install -y net-tools yum-utils rsync
yum install epel-release -y
yum install iftop tcpdump -y
#mysql client
curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash
yum install MariaDB-client -y
# ins docker
# step 1: 安装必要的一些系统工具
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# Step 2: 添加软件源信息
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# Step 3: 更新并安装 Docker-CE
yum makecache fast
yum -y install docker-ce
# Step 4: 开启Docker服务
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker
rpm -ivh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
yum install zabbix-agent -y && systemctl enable zabbix-agent
#install docker-compose etc
yum -y install vim wget curl yum-utils bash-completion bash-completion-extras epel-release lrzsz telnet python-pip
#这个看情况
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.1/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
#mv docker-compose /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
#pip install docker-compose
#mkdir -p /home/data/docker
mkdir -p /data/docker
echo '{"graph": "/data/docker"}' >/etc/docker/daemon.json
# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
#{"graph": "/home/data/docker"}
systemctl restart docker
#验证docker储存位置
docker system info | grep "Root Dir"
#开机自启动要用的
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
#firewall
systemctl enable firewalld
#修改源
#CentOS 7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
#或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
#CentOS 8
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
#或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
#3. 运行 yum makecache 生成缓存
yum makecache
centos7初始化
ssh config
echo "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC you_prk_key root@ops " >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys sed -i "s/#PubkeyAuthentication yes/PubkeyAuthentication yes/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -i "s/^PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config systemctl restart sshd #service sshd restart
网络配置
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 TYPE="Ethernet" BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR0=192.168.0.16 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY0=192.168.0.1 DNS1=223.5.5.5 DNS2=114.114.114.114 DEVICE="eth0" ONBOOT="yes"
安装常用软件
yum install python-devel yum install vim wget net-tools psmisc links lsof telnet zlib-devel curl tmux mariadb -y # screen yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
CentOS7 安装ifconfig
不知道dig 是哪个软件包 提供的 请用 yum provides command #绝对路径
yum provides /sbin/ifconfig
******
net-tools-1.60-114.el6.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo : base
匹配来自于:
Filename : /sbin/ifconfig
*****
由上可见安装的软件为net-tools
ifconfig, netstat, route, and other
[root@centos7 hcmdb]# yum info net-tools
已安装的软件包
名称 ：net-tools
架构 ：x86_64
版本 ：2.0
发布 ：0.17.20131004git.el7
大小 ：917 k
源 ：installed
简介 ： Basic networking tools
网址 ：http://sourceforge.net/projects/net-tools/
协议 ： GPLv2+
描述 ： The net-tools package contains basic networking tools,
: including ifconfig, netstat, route, and others.
: Most of them are obsolete. For replacement check iproute package.
yum -y install net-tools vim wget
#yum/dnf install net-tools vim wget
centos7精简安装后，使用中发现没有killall命令。
可以通过以下命令解决：
yum install psmisc
简单介绍一下 psmisc ：
Psmisc软件包包含三个帮助管理/proc目录的程序。
安装下列程序: fuser, killall,pstree和pstree.x11(到pstree的链接)
fuser 显示使用指定文件或者文件系统的进程的PID。
killall 杀死某个名字的进程，它向运行指定命令的所有进程发出信号。
pstree 树型显示当前运行的进程。
pstree.x11 与pstree功能相同，只是在退出前需要确认
常用软件
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo yum install nmap-ncat lsof -y #nc (nmap-ncat) lsof -i:1080 yum groupinstall "Development Libraries" yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
nginx
yum install wget -y wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/e/epel-release-7-12.noarch.rpm wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/e/epel-release-7-12.noarch.rpm yum install nginx -y
mariadb client
curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash yum install MariaDB-client -y
jdk
java.security.InvalidKeyException: Illegal key size or default parameters
new vm 就要加上 unlime
文件 UnlimitedJCEPolicyJDK7.zip
规制办法
evan@evankalilatop:~/xk/jdk$ cat jdkpath
替换 ${jdk_home}/jre/lib/security 下local_policy.jar, US_export_policy.jar
修改文件句柄数
#临时修改，立刻生效 ulimit -n 655350 #永久修改 echo "* soft nofile 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf echo "* hard nofile 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
使用ulimit 命令、/etc/security/limits.conf、proc 调整系统参数
kernel 优化
#set sysctl 有空把这些意思拿出来
sysctl_config(){
cp /etc/sysctl.conf /et/sysctl.conf.bak
cat > /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.core.somaxconn = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
EOF
/sbin/sysctl -p
echo "sysctl set OK!!"
}
使用PAM模块限制资源:
# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so
可以禁用ipv6
cat >> /etc/modprobe.d/ipv6.conf <<EOF alias net-pf-10 off alias ipv6 off EOF
ssh安全去除ssh远程DNS认证
sed -i 's/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -i 's/GSSAPIAuthentication yes/GSSAPIAuthentication no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -i "s/#PubkeyAuthentication yes/PubkeyAuthentication yes/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -i "s/^PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config systemctl restart sshd
关闭不要的用户和服务
安全
关闭 selinux 如果是在内网机器关了也没关系 sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config setenforce 0 查看SELinux状态 getenforce #临时关闭防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld #永久防火墙开机自启动 systemctl disable firewalld #临时打开防火墙 systemctl start firewalld #防火墙开机启动 systemctl enable firewalld #查看防火墙状态 systemctl status firewalld 新机器 测试 web 不关闭可能报错 ERR_ADDRESS_UNREACHABLE fail2ban
设置时区
如果时间不对 请 看
yum install ntp timedatectl set-ntp true
rm -f /etc/localtime cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
see also
references
如何使用 fail2ban 防御 SSH 服务器的暴力破解攻击
